Final Examination: Physical Science

When does the summer solstice usually occur in the northern hemisphere?

• March

• June

• September

• December

Which of the following statements is NOT true about Aristotle's astronomical beliefs?

• Aristotle believed that the Earth was at the center of the universe

• He suggested that Earth revolves around the sun.

• He supported the idea of geocentric universe.

• He believed in the celestial sphere.

A book is pushed across a table and eventually comes to a stop. Based on Aristotle's three types of motion, how would he explain this observation?

• The book stops because violent motion requires continuous applied force.

• The book stops due to inertia, which keeps it in motion unless acted upon.

• The book stops because it naturally seeks its proper place in the universe.

• The book stops due to the influence of an external force, such as friction.

How do Aristotle's and Plato's views on motion differ, and what does this reveal about their broader philosophies?

• Aristotle believed motion required a force, while Plato argued that all motion is an illusion.

• Both Aristotle and Plato agreed that celestial motion was imperfect and random.

• Plato focused on practical observations of motion, while Aristotle relied solely on mathematical reasoning.

• Aristotle believed in natural and violent motion, while Plato saw motion as a reflection of the perfect forms.

Which of the following BEST explains the significance of the first astronomer who suggested that the Earth rotates on its axis?

• It marked a shift from geocentric to heliocentric thinking, challenging long-held beliefs.

• It provided immediate proof that the Earth moves, leading to instant acceptance of the idea.

• It was the first scientific theory ever proposed about the movement of celestial bodies.

• It had no real impact on astronomy, as later astronomers rejected the idea entirely.

Who proposed the first geocentric model of the universe where planets move in concentric spheres?

• Aristarchus

• Copernicus

• Eudoxus

• Ptolemy

Which ancient Greek astronomer suggested a heliocentric model of the universe?

• Aristarchus

• Copernicus

• Eudoxus

• Ptolemy

It is the main feature of Aristotle's model of the universe.

• Elliptical orbits of planets

• Earth-centered system with perfect spheres

• Planets moving in epicycles

• Sun-centered system

Who was the first person to calculate the relative distance between the Earth and the Sun using trigonometry?

• Aristotle

• Aristarchus

• Eudoxus

• Copernicus

Which of the following is NOT a heliocentric model of the universe?

• Aristarchus's Model

• Aristotelian Model

• Copernican Model

• All are heliocentric models