Federalism and Its Characteristics

Federalism divides governmental power between a central authority and constituent units. It contrasts with unitary systems where the central government holds primary power. Federalism ensures jurisdictional autonomy and revenue generation for each tier, supported by an independent judiciary. It aims to unify the country while respecting regional diversity. Federations can form by 'coming together' or 'holding together', with examples like the USA and India, respectively.

What is the primary difference between a federal and a unitary system of government?

• Unitary systems divide power between central and state governments.

• Unitary systems have multiple levels of government with equal power.

• Federal systems divide power between central and constituent units.

• Federal systems have a single level of government.

In a federal system, what ensures the authority of each tier of government?

• The central government's decisions

• Constitutional guarantees

• State government policies

• Local government regulations

What role does an independent judiciary play in a federal system?

• It creates new laws for the central government.

• It acts as an arbitrator in disputes between government tiers.

• It enforces state laws.

• It manages local government elections.

What are the dual objectives of federalism?

• Increasing state power and reducing central influence

• Promoting economic growth and reducing taxes

• Enhancing military power and centralizing authority

• Promoting unity and recognizing regional diversity

How can federations vary from one another?

• By the size of the central government

• Through the number of local governments

• Based on the number of states

• According to historical context

What characterizes a 'coming together' federation?

• Independent states voluntarily unite to form a larger entity.

• States lose their identity and sovereignty.

• States are forced to join by the central government.

• The central government holds all the power.

Which countries are examples of 'coming together' federations?

• Germany, Italy, Japan

• USA, Switzerland, Austria

• Sri Lanka, UK, France

• India, Spain, Belgium

Which of the following is an example of a 'holding together' federation?

• Austria

• India

• Switzerland

• USA

In a 'holding together' federation, how is power typically distributed?

• The central government is more powerful than the states.

• All states have equal power with the central government.

• States have more power than the central government.

• The central government is weaker than the states.

What special status was granted to Jammu and Kashmir in India?

• It was merged with another state.

• It was given more power than the central government.

• It was allowed to have its own constitution.

• It was recognized as an independent country.