Chapter 13 and 14 Vocab

DNA Polymerase

• Enzyme that matches nucleotides to the original strand of DNA to create a new complementary strand.

• Protein that unwinds the DNA double helix during replication.

• Enzyme that synthesizes RNA from a DNA template.

• Molecule that carries amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

Bacteriophage

• A type of virus that infects bacteria.

• A type of bacteria that infects viruses.

• A type of fungus that infects plants.

• A type of parasite that infects animals.

Replication

• The process of copying during the S phase.

• The process of cell division during mitosis.

• The process of protein synthesis in the ribosome.

• The process of DNA repair after damage.

Primase

• Enzyme that tells DNA polymerase where to begin replication.

• Protein that unwinds the DNA double helix.

• Enzyme that synthesizes RNA primers for DNA replication.

• Molecule that stabilizes the DNA strands during replication.

RNA Polymerase

• Enzyme that synthesizes RNA from a DNA template during transcription.

• Enzyme that synthesizes DNA from an RNA template during replication.

• Enzyme that binds to RNA and separates RNA strands during translation.

• Enzyme that repairs DNA strands after replication.

Helicase

• Enzyme that unzips DNA

• Protein that synthesizes RNA

• Molecule that transports amino acids

• Enzyme that repairs DNA

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

• Type of RNA that combines with proteins to form ribosomes.

• Type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome.

• Type of RNA that is involved in the transcription process.

• Type of RNA that helps in the regulation of gene expression.

Translation

• Process by which the sequence of bases of mRNA is converted into the sequence of amino acids of a protein.

• The process of copying DNA into RNA.

• The mechanism by which proteins are folded into their functional shapes.

• The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template.

RNA

• Ribonucleic acid; puts the genetic code into action.

• Deoxyribonucleic acid; stores genetic information.

• Protein; synthesizes enzymes and hormones.

• Carbohydrate; provides energy to cells.

Promoters

• Specific region of a gene where RNA polymerase can bind and begin transcription.

• A type of protein that enhances gene expression.

• A sequence of DNA that signals the end of transcription.

• A region of DNA that is not involved in coding for proteins.