Unit 2- Earth Science (Study Guide)

What is the carbon cycle?

• Process by which carbon is cycled through the atmosphere.

• Process by which oxygen is cycled through the atmosphere.

• Process by which nitrogen is cycled through the atmosphere.

• Process by which water is cycled through the atmosphere.

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What is photosynthesis?

• Process by which plants take in carbon dioxide and convert it to sugar.

• Process by which plants release oxygen into the atmosphere.

• Process by which plants absorb sunlight and release water.

• Process by which plants convert sugar into carbon dioxide.

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What causes wind?

• The cycle of sinking and rising of air causes wind.

• The rotation of the Earth causes wind.

• The gravitational pull of the moon causes wind.

• The movement of ocean currents causes wind.

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Climate is determined by what 3 things?

• Altitude, Latitude, Geography

• Temperature, Humidity, Wind

• Precipitation, Vegetation, Soil

• Ocean currents, Sunlight, Air pressure

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What are fossil fuels?

• Made from decomposed plants and animals. These fuels are found in Earth’s crust and contain carbon and hydrogen, which can be burned for energy. Coal, oil and natural gas are examples.

• Made from minerals and rocks. These fuels are found in Earth’s crust and contain silicon and oxygen, which can be used for construction. Sand, gravel, and limestone are examples.

• Made from ancient metals. These fuels are found in Earth’s core and contain iron and nickel, which can be used for manufacturing. Steel, aluminum, and copper are examples.

• Made from synthetic materials. These fuels are created in laboratories and contain polymers and plastics, which can be used for packaging. Nylon, polyester, and acrylic are examples.

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What is respiration?

• Breathing out releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

• Breathing in releases oxygen into the atmosphere.

• Breathing out releases nitrogen into the atmosphere.

• Breathing in releases hydrogen into the atmosphere.

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What are Hadley cells?

• Hadley cells have to do with convection & wind.

• Hadley cells have to do with ocean currents & tides.

• Hadley cells have to do with magnetic fields & gravity.

• Hadley cells have to do with plate tectonics & earthquakes.

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What is humidity?

• The level of moisture in the air.

• The level of carbon dioxide in the air.

• The level of oxygen in the air.

• The level of nitrogen in the air.

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What is the saturation point?

• The saturation points of air increase with temperature.

• The saturation points of air decrease with temperature.

• The saturation points of air remain constant with temperature.

• The saturation points of air are unrelated to temperature.

Explain how convection currents work.

• Convection is one of the fundamental ways that heat is transferred in the atmosphere.

• Convection currents are unrelated to heat transfer.

• Convection currents only occur in water.

• Convection currents decrease atmospheric temperature.

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