Mitosis and Meiosis

What is crossing over?

• The process of DNA replication during cell division.

• The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during Prophase 1 of Meiosis, increasing genetic diversity.

• The separation of sister chromatids during Anaphase of Mitosis.

• The formation of new chromosomes during fertilization.

What is the difference between Mitosis and Meiosis?

• Mitosis results in two identical cells, while Meiosis results in four genetically diverse gametes.

• Mitosis occurs in somatic cells, while Meiosis occurs in prokaryotic cells.

• Mitosis produces four identical cells, while Meiosis produces two genetically identical gametes.

• Mitosis is a form of sexual reproduction, while Meiosis is a form of asexual reproduction.

What happens during Prophase 1 in Meiosis?

• Homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material through a process called crossing over.

• Chromosomes are replicated to form sister chromatids.

• The nuclear envelope breaks down and spindle fibers begin to form.

• Chromosomes align at the equatorial plane of the cell.

What is Mitosis?

• Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells from a single parent cell.

• Mitosis is the process of DNA replication that occurs before cell division.

• Mitosis is a type of cell division that produces four genetically different daughter cells.

• Mitosis is the process of cellular respiration that generates energy for the cell.

What is Telophase in Mitosis?

• The stage where chromosomes align at the cell's equator.

• The stage where the chromosomes reach the opposite poles and the nuclear membrane reforms around each set of chromosomes.

• The stage where DNA is replicated before cell division.

• The stage where the cell prepares for cytokinesis by forming a cleavage furrow.

What occurs during Anaphase in Mitosis?

• The sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite ends of the cell by the spindle fibers.

• The chromosomes align at the cell's equator before separation.

• The nuclear envelope re-forms around the separated chromosomes.

• The cell undergoes cytokinesis to divide into two daughter cells.

Why is genetic diversity important?

• It increases adaptability to changing environments and reduces the risk of extinction.

• It ensures that all individuals in a species are identical.

• It allows species to reproduce more quickly and in larger numbers.

• It has no significant impact on the survival of species.

What is Meiosis?

• A type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in four genetically diverse gametes.

• A process of DNA replication that occurs before cell division.

• A method of asexual reproduction in unicellular organisms.

• A stage of mitosis where chromosomes are separated into daughter cells.

What is Cytokinesis?

• The process of DNA replication during cell division.

• The final stage of cell division where the cytoplasm divides, resulting in two separate cells.

• The phase where chromosomes align in the center of the cell.

• The initial stage of cell division where the cell prepares for mitosis.

What happens during Prophase in Mitosis?

• The chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes, the nuclear membrane begins to break down, and spindle fibers start to form.

• The chromosomes align at the cell's equator and are attached to spindle fibers.

• The nuclear membrane fully dissolves and the cytoplasm divides into two separate cells.

• The DNA is replicated and the cell prepares for division.