Chromosomes & Inheritance Vocab

Homologous Chromosomes

• Pair of chromosomes that are identical in size and shape.

• Pair of chromosomes that are the same size, same appearance and same genes.

• Pair of chromosomes that are different in size but similar in function.

• Pair of chromosomes that are completely unrelated.

Double Helix

• Shape of RNA

• Shape of DNA

• Shape of Protein

• Shape of Lipid

DNA

• The genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring

• A type of protein that helps in muscle contraction

• A carbohydrate that provides energy to cells

• A lipid that stores energy in the body

Protein

• Genes code for proteins, and they give us our gene traits

• Proteins are made up of carbohydrates

• Proteins are not related to genes

• Proteins are only found in animal products

Mitosis vs. Meiosis

• Mitosis occurs only in sex cells (gametes).

• Meiosis is a type of normal cell division that happens everywhere.

• Mitosis is normal cell division that happens everywhere.

• Meiosis occurs in all types of cells.

Meiosis

• A type of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells.

• A type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of sex cells.

• A process that occurs only in prokaryotic organisms for reproduction.

• A method of cell division that produces diploid cells for growth.

Mutation

• Change in the genetic material of a cell

• A type of cellular division

• An increase in cell size

• A process of cell death

Pedigree Chart

• A chart that shows the family tree of an individual.

• A chart which shows several generations of related families and how traits are passed down through the offspring.

• A chart used to track the financial status of a family.

• A chart that displays the geographical distribution of a family.

Mitosis

• Cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same number of chromosomes

• A process of cell division that results in four daughter cells

• A type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half

• A mechanism for DNA replication before cell division

Traits

• A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes.

• A random mutation that occurs in an organism's DNA.

• An environmental factor that influences an organism's behavior.

• A temporary change in an organism's appearance.