What is the main purpose of experimental research?

• To observe natural behaviors without interference
• To explore cultural aspects of a group
• To establish cause-and-effect relationships
• To document past events

In an experiment, the independent variable is:

• The factor that is being influenced
• The factor that influences changes in the dependent variable
• The outcome measured at the end of the study
• A factor that remains constant

What is the role of a control group in an experimental study?

• It receives the same treatment as the experimental group
• It does not receive the treatment, serving as a baseline for comparison
• It ensures all participants experience the same conditions
• It is randomly assigned to different groups

Which of the following enhances the internal validity of an experimental study?

• Using only qualitative data
• Random assignment of participants
• Eliminating all variables
• Conducting research in an artificial setting

A researcher wants to study the effect of storytelling on first-year students' language proficiency. What is the dependent variable?

• The storytelling method
• The students' language proficiency
• The number of students in the study
• The school’s curriculum

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of experimental research?

• Use of controlled conditions
• Manipulation of variables
• Long-term, immersive study of a group
• Comparison of experimental and control groups

Which research design yields the highest validity in experimental research?

• Pre-experimental design
• Quasi-experimental design
• True experimental design
• Longitudinal observational design

What is the main function of pre-tests and post-tests in experimental research?

• To collect qualitative data
• To measure changes before and after the treatment
• To randomly assign participants
• To compare multiple case studies

What distinguishes a factorial design from other experimental designs?

• It only studies one independent variable
• It involves two or more independent variables tested simultaneously
• It does not use control groups
• It focuses only on qualitative data

In an experimental study on the impact of mobile apps on vocabulary learning, which of the following would likely be an independent variable?

• The students' vocabulary test scores
• The students' learning motivation
• The use of mobile apps for learning
• The teacher's feedback