4.1 & 4.2 Real-World Scenarios

COVID-19 Vaccine Distribution

In 2020, the U.S. government developed and distributed COVID-19 vaccines as part of a domestic policy to protect citizens’ health. Once vaccines were available in abundance, the U.S. sent vaccines to other countries, helping with global health efforts as part of its foreign policy.

Question: What is the relationship between the domestic and foreign policies described in this scenario?

• The U.S. prioritized foreign policy over domestic policy.

• The domestic policy aimed to protect U.S. citizens first, followed by a foreign policy to aid other countries.

• The U.S. focused only on foreign affairs without considering domestic issues.

• The U.S. made executive agreements with other nations to trade vaccines.

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Paris Climate Agreement

The U.S. signed the Paris Climate Agreement in 2016, committing to reduce carbon emissions and combat climate change. This treaty directly impacts the U.S. domestic policy by requiring changes to industry regulations and promoting cleaner energy.

Question: What is the primary impact of the foreign policy decision to join the Paris Climate Agreement?

• • It had no effect on domestic policy.

• It created alliances with countries focused on environmental protection.

• It required changes to U.S. domestic policy to meet international standards.

• It replaced existing domestic policy with international policy.

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NAFTA and USMCA

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was replaced by the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) in 2020. This new treaty revised foreign policy concerning trade and had significant impacts on domestic economic policy, including job markets and industry standards.

Question: What did the change from NAFTA to USMCA demonstrate about the relationship between foreign and domestic policy?

• Foreign policy decisions do not affect domestic policy.

• Foreign policy changes can directly impact domestic economic policy.

• Domestic policy always dictates foreign agreements.

• Treaties are irrelevant to economic decisions.

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Iran Nuclear Deal (2015)

The Iran Nuclear Deal was an executive agreement aimed at limiting Iran’s nuclear capabilities. In exchange, the U.S. lifted some economic sanctions. The agreement affected domestic policy by reducing oil prices and stabilizing energy markets within the U.S.

Question: How does this scenario show the relationship between foreign and domestic policy?

• • Foreign policy can lead to economic changes in domestic affairs.

• Domestic policy always remains unaffected by foreign agreements.

• Diplomacy does not influence economic outcomes.

• National interest has no role in treaty decisions.

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The War on Terror (Post-9/11)

After the attacks on September 11, 2001, the U.S. declared a war on terror as part of its foreign policy to combat global terrorism. Domestically, this led to the creation of the Department of Homeland Security and stricter airport security measures.

Question: What does this scenario illustrate about the relationship between foreign and domestic policy?

• Foreign policy can influence the development of domestic policy.

• Domestic policy has no connection to foreign threats.

• The Cabinet directly manages foreign conflicts.

• Diplomacy is the primary approach to combating terrorism.

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Trade War with China (2018)

The U.S. imposed tariffs on Chinese goods to protect American industries, impacting domestic policy by encouraging American-made products. In response, China retaliated with tariffs on U.S. agricultural products, affecting U.S. farmers.

Question: How does the trade war illustrate the interaction between foreign and domestic policy?

• Foreign policy decisions can have direct consequences on domestic affairs.

• Domestic policy is never influenced by international trade disputes.

• Executive agreements resolve all trade conflicts.

• National interest only affects economic policy.

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Global Health Crisis
In 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) coordinated international efforts to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. The United States provided funding and medical resources to support global vaccination campaigns. American non-profit organizations also contributed by donating medical supplies and advocating for vaccine access.

Question: How did the United States participate in international organizations during this crisis?

• By forming a new treaty with WHO.

• By providing funding and resources through international organizations.

• By establishing a non-governmental organization (NGO) to manage the crisis independently.

• • By withdrawing support from all intergovernmental organizations.

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Peacekeeping Mission in Africa

The United Nations (UN) has deployed peacekeeping troops to various African countries to maintain stability and protect civilians. The United States contributes both funding and personnel to these missions. Additionally, American NGOs provide humanitarian aid in affected regions.

Question: What role does the United States play in this peacekeeping mission?

• Leading the peacekeeping force independently without UN support.

• Contributing troops and funding as part of an intergovernmental organization.

• Negotiating executive agreements to bypass UN involvement.

• Solely relying on domestic policy to address the situation.

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Trade Dispute Resolution

The United States and the European Union (EU) have a dispute over tariffs on agricultural products. The matter is brought before the World Trade Organization (WTO), where both parties present their cases. The WTO’s ruling is accepted by both sides, leading to a reduction in tariffs and increased trade cooperation.

Question: How does the WTO function in this scenario?

• As an international organization resolving trade disputes.

• As a non-governmental organization (NGO) advocating for free trade.

• As a treaty between the U.S. and the EU.

• As a domestic organization making economic decisions.

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Military Alliance in Europe

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) consists of 28 countries, including the United States. In response to rising tensions in Eastern Europe, NATO conducts joint military exercises to demonstrate collective defense. The U.S. sends troops and equipment to participate, showcasing its commitment to protecting its allies.

Question: What is the purpose of NATO in this scenario?

• To establish non-governmental organizations focused on defense.

• To maintain collective security through an intergovernmental organization.

• To resolve legal disputes at the International Court of Justice.

• To create an executive agreement on military funding.

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