Unit 7

How did nationalism challenge existing political structures in 19th-century Europe?

• By promoting peace among multi-ethnic empires

• By leading to demands for self-determination and political upheaval

• By supporting the status quo of empires

• By reducing the influence of unification movements

What role did Giuseppe Garibaldi play in the unification of Italy?

• He was the first king of a united Italy

• He led the Red Shirts in southern Italy, conquering Sicily and Naples

• He used diplomacy to drive Austrian influence out of northern Italy

• He became the Prime Minister of Sardinia-Piedmont

How did Otto von Bismarck use Realpolitik to achieve German unification?

• By promoting peace treaties with neighboring countries

• By manipulating diplomatic crises and strategic warfare

• By focusing on economic development

• By forming alliances with non-European countries

What were the main causes and outcomes of the Revolutions of 1848?

• Economic prosperity and political stability

• Economic hardship, nationalist demands, and political repression

• Industrial growth and social harmony

• Peaceful negotiations and diplomatic success

How did industrialization transform European economies and trade?

• By reducing global trade and urbanization

• By shifting from agrarian economies to industrial capitalism

• By decreasing production and expansion of railroads

• By maintaining traditional economic structures

What were the major social changes caused by industrialization regarding class structure and gender roles?

• Decline of the bourgeoisie and rise of the aristocracy

• Reinforcement of separate spheres for men and women

• Elimination of class divisions

• Decrease in women's participation in the workforce

What were the effects of urbanization on European cities, and how did governments respond?

• Improved sanitation and living conditions

• Overcrowded cities led to poor sanitation and living conditions

• Decreased need for public health reforms

• Reduction in urban planning efforts

What were the primary motivations for European imperialism in the 19th century?

• Cultural exchange and cooperation

• Economic, political, strategic, and ideological reasons

• Isolationism and self-sufficiency

• Environmental conservation and protection

How did the Berlin Conference of 1884-85 shape European colonization in Africa?

• By promoting African independence

• By establishing rules for the division of Africa among European powers

• By encouraging peaceful coexistence with African nations

• By reducing European interest in African resources

How did European imperialism impact India, China, and Japan?

• India: Sepoy Rebellion, China: Opium Wars, Japan: Meiji Restoration

• India: Industrial Revolution, China: Boxer Rebellion, Japan: Tokugawa Shogunate

• India: Opium Wars, China: Meiji Restoration, Japan: Sepoy Rebellion

• India: Boxer Rebellion, China: Industrial Revolution, Japan: Opium Wars