Biology Viruses

What is the lysogenic cycle in viruses?

• A virus injects its genetic material into a host cell and integrates it into the host's DNA.

• A virus immediately replicates and destroys the host cell.

• A virus remains dormant outside the host cell until conditions are favorable.

• A virus only infects bacterial cells and does not affect eukaryotic cells.

What is the difference between the lytic and lysogenic cycles?

• In the lytic cycle, the virus integrates its DNA into the host's DNA, while in the lysogenic cycle, the virus replicates and causes cell lysis.

• In the lytic cycle, the virus replicates and causes cell lysis, while in the lysogenic cycle, the virus integrates its DNA into the host's DNA and can remain dormant.

• Both cycles result in immediate cell death and do not involve DNA integration.

• The lytic cycle is a dormant phase, while the lysogenic cycle actively replicates the virus.

What is the significance of viral latency?

• It allows viruses to replicate rapidly within the host.

• It enables viruses to remain dormant within a host cell, evading the immune system and potentially reactivating later.

• It helps the immune system to recognize and destroy the virus more effectively.

• It prevents the virus from entering the host cell in the first place.

What is a viral genome?

• A type of bacteria

• The genetic material of a virus, which can be either RNA or DNA.

• A protein structure that protects the virus

• A cellular organelle found in viruses

How do vaccines work against viruses?

• Vaccines stimulate the immune system to recognize and fight specific viruses by introducing a harmless component of the virus.

• Vaccines directly kill the viruses in the body to prevent infection.

• Vaccines create a barrier on the skin to block viruses from entering the body.

• Vaccines alter the DNA of the viruses to make them harmless.

What occurs after a virus is taken up by a host cell?

• The virus inserts its genetic material into the host DNA.

• The host cell immediately destroys the virus.

• The virus replicates in the cytoplasm without affecting the host DNA.

• The virus triggers an immune response that eliminates it.

What is the role of the immune system in fighting viral infections?

• The immune system identifies and destroys infected cells and produces antibodies to neutralize viruses.

• The immune system only produces antibodies without identifying infected cells.

• The immune system has no role in fighting viral infections.

• The immune system only targets bacteria, not viruses.

How do viruses replicate within a host cell?

• Viruses replicate by using their own cellular machinery independent of the host.

• Viruses hijack the host's cellular machinery to replicate their genetic material and produce new virus particles.

• Viruses reproduce by binary fission like bacteria.

• Viruses can only replicate in the presence of specific nutrients found in the host.

What is the impact of viruses on ecosystems?

• Viruses can regulate populations of microorganisms, contribute to nutrient cycling, and influence genetic diversity.

• Viruses have no significant impact on ecosystems.

• Viruses only cause diseases in plants and animals.

• Viruses are primarily responsible for the extinction of species.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-5

What are the two main components of a virus?

• A virus consists of RNA or DNA and a protein coat.

• A virus consists of carbohydrates and lipids.

• A virus consists of proteins and sugars.

• A virus consists of RNA and enzymes.