Earth's Layers and Tectonic Activity

Natural hazards can be caused by tectonic or climatic conditions.

• Tectonic hazards are caused by tectonic plates moving.

• Climatic hazards are caused by volcanic eruptions.

• Tectonic hazards are caused by weather changes.

• Climatic hazards are caused by earthquakes.

Abrasion is a physical weathering process.

• It involves rocks and particles grinding against each other.

• It is caused by chemical reactions in the atmosphere.

• It leads to the formation of sedimentary rocks.

• It occurs primarily in volcanic regions.

Transform Boundaries

• Plates slide past each other, causing earthquakes and cracks.

• Plates move away from each other, creating new crust.

• Plates collide, leading to mountain formation.

• Plates sink into the mantle, causing volcanic activity.

Temperature changes can cause physical weathering.

• Rocks expand and contract, leading to breakage.

• Temperature changes have no effect on rocks.

• Rocks become more solid with temperature changes.

• Temperature changes only affect the color of rocks.

Fossils are most often found in sedimentary rocks.

• Scientists use fossils to create timelines, study environmental changes, and make predictions.

• Fossils are primarily found in igneous rocks.

• Fossils are only found in volcanic ash.

• Fossils can be found in all types of rocks equally.

Erosion moves pieces of Earth broken down by weathering.

• Wind erosion

• Soil compaction

• Rock formation

• Volcanic activity

Chemical weathering changes the minerals in rocks.

• Oxidation

• Erosion

• Sedimentation

• Metamorphism

Convergent Boundaries

• Plates move away from each other, creating rift valleys.

• Plates slide past each other, causing earthquakes.

• Plates move toward each other, creating volcanoes and mountains.

• Plates remain stationary, leading to no geological activity.

Subduction

• When one tectonic plate moves under another.

• When two tectonic plates collide and push upwards.

• When tectonic plates slide past each other horizontally.

• When tectonic plates break apart and form new crust.

Lava

• Magma that reaches Earth's surface.

• A type of rock formed from cooled lava.

• A molten rock found deep within the Earth.

• A gas released during volcanic eruptions.