Spring CA 2025 Review

Which of the following is NOT a type of rock?

• Igneous

• Metamorphic

• Sedimentary

• Crystalline

Answer explanation

Crystalline is not a type of rock; it refers to a structure or texture found in some minerals. The three main types of rocks are igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary.

What process changes rocks from one type to another?

• Erosion

• Heat and pressure

• Condensation

• Evaporation

Answer explanation

The process that changes rocks from one type to another is called metamorphism, which involves heat and pressure. This transforms existing rocks into metamorphic rocks, making 'Heat and pressure' the correct answer.

What type of rock forms from cooled magma?

• Igneous

• Metamorphic

• Sedimentary

• Fossilized

Answer explanation

Igneous rocks form from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. This process distinguishes them from metamorphic rocks, which arise from existing rocks under heat and pressure, and sedimentary rocks, which form from sediment.

What happens to potential energy when an object moves?

• It disappears

• It transforms into kinetic energy

• It increases

• It stays the same

Answer explanation

As an object moves, its potential energy decreases and transforms into kinetic energy, which is the energy of motion. This transformation is essential in understanding energy conservation in physics.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-2

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

Where does a bicycle rider have the most potential energy?

• At the top of a hill

• At the bottom of a hill

• Halfway down

Answer explanation

A bicycle rider has the most potential energy at the top of a hill because potential energy is highest when an object is at its maximum height relative to the ground. As the rider descends, potential energy converts to kinetic energy.

What energy transformation occurs during photosynthesis?

• Chemical to Light

• Light(radiant) to Chemical

• Thermal to Sound

• Electrical to Mechanical

Answer explanation

During photosynthesis, plants convert light energy (radiant) from the sun into chemical energy stored in glucose. This process is essential for producing food and oxygen, making 'Light(radiant) to Chemical' the correct transformation.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-6

NGSS.MS-LS1-7

What is one way to reduce air pollution?

• Using more fossil fuels

• Carpooling

• Burning more wood

• Cutting down trees

Answer explanation

Carpooling reduces the number of vehicles on the road, which decreases emissions and helps lower air pollution. In contrast, using more fossil fuels, burning wood, and cutting down trees would increase pollution.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS3-4

At what point does a roller coaster have the most kinetic energy?

• At the highest point

• At the lowest point

• At the midpoint

• When not moving

Answer explanation

A roller coaster has the most kinetic energy at the lowest point because potential energy is converted to kinetic energy as it descends. At the highest point, it has maximum potential energy and minimal kinetic energy.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-1

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

What do the arrows in a food web represent?

• Predator location

• Direction of energy flow

• Water movement

• Sunlight direction

Answer explanation

The arrows in a food web represent the direction of energy flow, indicating how energy is transferred from one organism to another through feeding relationships.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-6

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

Which energy transformation happens in a circuit with a battery and fan?

• Chemical to Mechanical

• Thermal to Electrical

• Nuclear to Light

• Sound to Kinetic

Answer explanation

In a circuit with a battery and fan, the battery converts chemical energy (from the battery's stored chemicals) into mechanical energy, which powers the fan's movement. Thus, the correct transformation is Chemical to Mechanical.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-5