Environmental Science Quarter 3 Review

Energy is defined by the ability to

• Burn fuel

• Lift heavy objects off the floor

• Do work or make a change

• Cook food over a campfire

Answer explanation

Energy is fundamentally defined as the ability to do work or make a change. While burning fuel, lifting objects, and cooking involve energy, they are specific applications of this broader definition.

Which of the following exhibits kinetic energy?

• A ball rolling down a ramp

• The bonds that hold food molecules together

• A bike rider waiting for a red light to turn green

• A compressed spring

Answer explanation

A ball rolling down a ramp exhibits kinetic energy because it is in motion. Kinetic energy is the energy of an object due to its movement, unlike the other options which represent potential energy or stationary states.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-1

The world’s most abundant fossil fuel is

• Coal

• Natural gas

• Oil

• Uranium

Answer explanation

Coal is the world's most abundant fossil fuel, with vast reserves found globally. It has been a primary energy source for centuries, surpassing natural gas and oil in total availability.

The Middle East is especially rich in deposits of

• Coal

• Oil

• Methane hydrate

• Uranium-235

Answer explanation

The Middle East is particularly known for its vast oil reserves, making oil the most significant natural resource in the region. While other resources exist, oil is the primary wealth generator for many Middle Eastern countries.

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NGSS.HS-ESS3-2

NGSS.HS-ESS3-1

Which of the following is NOT caused by the burning of fossil fuels?

• Air pollution

• Water pollution

• Release of carbon dioxide

• A meltdown

Answer explanation

A meltdown is typically associated with nuclear reactors, not fossil fuels. In contrast, air pollution, water pollution, and the release of carbon dioxide are direct consequences of burning fossil fuels.

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NGSS.MS-ESS3-4

NGSS.MS-ESS3-5

Chemical compounds derived from oil are called

• Petrochemicals

• Fossil fuels

• Renewable energy resources

• Secondary energy resources

Answer explanation

Chemical compounds derived from oil are known as petrochemicals. They are used to produce various products, including plastics and chemicals, distinguishing them from fossil fuels, which are primarily energy sources.

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NGSS.HS-PS1-5

In a nuclear power plant, which process is used to generate electricity?

• The burning of coal

• The burning of natural gas

• Nuclear fission

Answer explanation

In a nuclear power plant, electricity is generated through nuclear fission, where atomic nuclei split to release energy. This process is distinct from burning coal or natural gas, which are used in conventional power plants.

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NGSS.HS-PS1-8

Which of the following is NOT a renewable source of energy?

• Wind

• Sunlight

• Coal

• Wood

Answer explanation

Coal is a fossil fuel and not renewable, as it takes millions of years to form. In contrast, wind, sunlight, and wood are renewable sources that can be replenished naturally in a short time.

Energy produced from material that comes from living organisms is known as

• Geothermal energy

• Biomass energy

• Electrical energy

• Wood energy

Answer explanation

Energy produced from living organisms is called biomass energy. It includes materials like plant and animal waste, which can be converted into usable energy, distinguishing it from other energy types like geothermal or electrical.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-6

The plant shown can be a source of

• Ethanol

• Ground source heat

• Hydropower

• Photovoltaic power

Answer explanation

The plant can be a source of ethanol, as it can be fermented to produce this biofuel. The other options, such as ground source heat, hydropower, and photovoltaic power, do not relate to plant-based energy production.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-6

NGSS.MS-LS2-3