Physical Science

Explain how the sun's energy, arriving as radiation, can be broken down into different types of wavelengths. Provide examples of these wavelengths and discuss their significance.

• The sun's energy arrives only as visible light, which is the only type of radiation.

• The sun's energy arrives as radiation with a wide range of wavelengths, including infrared, visible, and ultraviolet, each having different effects on Earth.

• The sun's energy arrives as sound waves, which are converted into light waves.

• The sun's energy arrives as radiation, but it only includes ultraviolet wavelengths.

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NGSS.HS-PS4-1

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NGSS.HS-PS4-4

Design an experiment to demonstrate how light can be reflected, refracted, and absorbed. Describe the materials you would use and the expected outcomes.

• Use a mirror to show reflection, a glass of water to show refraction, and a black cloth to show absorption. Expect light to bounce off the mirror, bend in the water, and be absorbed by the cloth.

• Use a prism to show reflection, a mirror to show refraction, and a white cloth to show absorption. Expect light to split in the prism, bounce off the mirror, and be absorbed by the cloth.

• Use a lens to show reflection, a black cloth to show refraction, and a mirror to show absorption. Expect light to bend in the lens, be absorbed by the cloth, and bounce off the mirror.

• Use a glass of water to show reflection, a mirror to show refraction, and a prism to show absorption. Expect light to bend in the water, bounce off the mirror, and split in the prism.

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NGSS.HS-PS4-4

Analyze a scenario where kinetic energy is transformed into potential energy and vice versa. Describe the energy transformations involved.

• A car accelerating on a flat road transforms kinetic energy into potential energy.

• A pendulum at its highest point has maximum kinetic energy, which transforms into potential energy as it swings down.

• A roller coaster at the top of a hill has maximum potential energy, which transforms into kinetic energy as it descends.

• A ball rolling on a flat surface transforms potential energy into kinetic energy.

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NGSS.HS-PS3-3

Propose a method to investigate the transformation of energy from one form to another in a simple mechanical system. Explain the steps and expected results.

• Use a battery to power a light bulb and observe the transformation of electrical energy into light energy.

• Use a wind-up toy to observe the transformation of mechanical energy into sound energy.

• Use a pendulum to observe the transformation of potential energy into kinetic energy and back.

• Use a solar panel to observe the transformation of light energy into thermal energy.

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NGSS.HS-PS3-3

Discuss how heat flows between objects of different temperatures and predict the final temperature when two objects are placed in contact.

• Heat flows from cooler objects to warmer ones until they reach the same temperature.

• Heat flows from warmer objects to cooler ones until they reach the same temperature.

• Heat flows from warmer objects to cooler ones, but they never reach the same temperature.

• Heat flows from cooler objects to warmer ones, and they never reach the same temperature.

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS3-4

Design a graph to represent the relationship between distance and time for an object moving at a constant speed. Explain how to interpret the graph.

• The graph should be a horizontal line, indicating constant speed.

• The graph should be a vertical line, indicating constant speed.

• The graph should be a straight line with a positive slope, indicating constant speed.

• The graph should be a curved line, indicating constant speed.

Evaluate the effects of different types of forces, including contact and non-contact forces, on an object's motion. Provide examples of each type of force.

• Contact forces include gravity and magnetism, while non-contact forces include friction and tension.

• Contact forces include friction and tension, while non-contact forces include gravity and magnetism.

• Contact forces include electrical and gravitational forces, while non-contact forces include friction and tension.

• Contact forces include magnetism and electrical forces, while non-contact forces include gravity and friction.

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NGSS.MS-PS2-4

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Analyze how the Law of Gravity explains the interaction between two objects with different masses and distances. Discuss the factors affecting gravitational force.

• Gravitational force is stronger between objects with less mass and greater distance.

• Gravitational force is stronger between objects with more mass and greater distance.

• Gravitational force is stronger between objects with more mass and less distance.

• Gravitational force is stronger between objects with less mass and less distance.

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NGSS.HS-PS2-4

Propose a scenario where an unbalanced force acts on an object, changing its speed or direction. Explain the outcome.

• A car moving at a constant speed on a straight road experiences an unbalanced force.

• A ball rolling down a hill experiences an unbalanced force, causing it to accelerate.

• A book resting on a table experiences an unbalanced force, causing it to move.

• A pendulum at rest experiences an unbalanced force, causing it to swing.

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NGSS.HS-PS2-1

Create a plan to measure and graph the motion of an object moving at a constant speed. Describe the tools and methods you would use.

• Use a stopwatch and a ruler to measure time and distance, then plot the data on a graph to show a straight line.

• Use a thermometer and a scale to measure temperature and weight, then plot the data on a graph to show a straight line.

• Use a protractor and a compass to measure angles and directions, then plot the data on a graph to show a straight line.

• Use a barometer and a hygrometer to measure pressure and humidity, then plot the data on a graph to show a straight line.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-1