General ecosystems

What is an ecosystem?

• A group of people living in a city.

• An ecosystem is a community of living organisms and their physical environment interacting as a system.

• A type of weather pattern.

• A collection of plants in a garden.

Answer explanation

An ecosystem consists of living organisms, such as plants and animals, and their physical environment, interacting as a system. This definition distinguishes it from other options like weather patterns or urban populations.

A large-scale ecosystem is known as a _____.

Answer explanation

A large-scale ecosystem is referred to as a biome. Biomes are characterized by specific climate conditions and types of vegetation, making them distinct ecological regions.

What is the average annual temperature range in a tropical rainforest?

• 10°C to 15°C

• 20°C to 25°C

• 25°C to 30°C

• 30°C to 35°C

Answer explanation

The average annual temperature in a tropical rainforest typically ranges from 25°C to 30°C. This warm climate supports the diverse ecosystems found in these regions, making this choice the correct answer.

The diagram shows the ________ cycle.

Answer explanation

The diagram shows the nutrient cycle, which illustrates how nutrients move through ecosystems, highlighting the importance of recycling in nature.

What is the main layer of vegetation in a temperate forest?

• Canopy

• Understory

• Forest floor

• Emergent layer

Answer explanation

The main layer of vegetation in a temperate forest is the canopy, which consists of the uppermost branches and leaves of trees. It plays a crucial role in photosynthesis and provides habitat for many species.

Fill in the blank: In a tropical rainforest ecosystem, a ______ is a primary producer.

• Jaguar

• Fern

• Eagle

• Mushroom

Answer explanation

In a tropical rainforest, a fern is a primary producer, as it performs photosynthesis to create energy. Jaguars and eagles are consumers, while mushrooms are decomposers, not primary producers.

Label the stratification of a tropical rainforest.

a

b

c

d

Low lying

Emergent

Shrub or forest floor

Canopy

Under canopy

Tree

Which of the following is a characteristic of an ecosystem?

• Uniform climate

• Interdependent organisms

• Single species dominance

• Lack of energy flow

Answer explanation

Ecosystems are characterized by interdependent organisms that interact with each other and their environment. This interdependence is crucial for maintaining balance and supporting life, unlike the other options which do not define ecosystems.

What is the average annual rainfall in a tropical rainforest, in mm?

• Above 2000 mm

• 1500-1750 mm

• 1000-1200 mm

• 500-750 mm

Answer explanation

Tropical rainforests receive an average annual rainfall of above 2000 mm, making them some of the wettest ecosystems on Earth. This distinguishes them from other biomes with lower rainfall averages.

What type of trees are predominantly found in temperate forests?

• Coniferous

• Deciduous

• Tropical

• Mangrove

Answer explanation

Temperate forests are characterized by a mix of tree types, but deciduous trees, which shed their leaves in winter, are predominant. Coniferous trees are more common in colder climates, while tropical and mangrove trees are found in warmer regions.