Ch. 8 (Park & Kim)

What is the main focus of social structure theory?

• Individual psychological characteristics

• Social and economic factors

• Biological factors

• Legal procedures

Which theory examines the impact of social development on criminal behavior?

• Strain Theory

• Development Theory

• Social Disorganization Theory

• Labeling Theory

What is the phenomenon called when deviant behavior occurs due to the collapse of social norms?

• Innovation

• Regression

• Anomie

• Conformity

According to strain theory, what can individuals do when they cannot achieve societal goals through legitimate means?

• Engage in deviant behavior

• Adhere to social norms

• Avoid all goals

• Seek therapy

What are examples of cultural goals in society?

• Wealth and success

• Environmental sustainability

• Freedom of speech

• Religious beliefs

What is the concept that accepts both social goals and institutionalized means?

• Innovation

• Conformity

• Rebellion

• Retreatism

What does General Strain Theory (GST) emphasize as a contributing factor to criminal behavior?

• Positive emotions

• Negative emotions resulting from strain

• Economic stability

• Legal awareness

In differential opportunity theory, what subculture emerges when access to both legitimate and illegitimate means is restricted?

• Criminal subculture

• Conflict subculture

• Retreatist subculture

• Violent subculture

Which theory suggests that the collapse of social institutions leads to crime?

• Cultural Deviance Theory

• General Strain Theory

• Social Disorganization Theory

• Routine Activity Theory

What does the institutional anomie theory suggest about society?

• The legal system enforces strict control

• Economic institutions dominate and weaken other institutions

• Education is the most influential factor in crime prevention

• Strong religious beliefs reduce crime rates