Weathering and Mass Movement

What is the main cause of biological weathering?

• Salt crystallisation
• Chemical reactions in rainwater
• Temperature changes
• Animal burrowing and plant roots

What type of mass movement involves the rapid downhill movement of saturated soil?

• Mud flows
• Rockfalls
• Slumping
• Landslides

What happens during chemical weathering by carbonation?

• Rainwater reacts with calcium carbonate
• Rocks expand and contract
• Salt crystals grow and expand
• Animals burrow into rocks

What is a characteristic of rockfalls?

• Fractured rock collects at the cliff base
• Soil moves down a slope
• Material rotates backwards into the cliff face
• Large volumes of soil and rock slide together

What is the effect of freeze-thaw weathering on rocks?

• It causes cracks to expand and rocks to break away
• It dissolves rocks in acidic rainwater
• It creates salt crystals that weaken rocks
• It causes rocks to flake off due to temperature changes

What can heavy rainfall lead to in terms of mass movement?

• Saturation of soil and potential landslides
• Increased biological weathering
• Cooling and contraction of rocks
• Less vegetation growth on cliffs

Which type of weathering is caused by temperature changes leading to expansion and contraction?

• Salt weathering
• Chemical weathering
• Biological weathering
• Mechanical weathering

Which type of weathering involves the growth of salt crystals in rock cracks?

• Mechanical weathering
• Biological weathering
• Chemical weathering
• Salt weathering

What is slumping often referred to as?

• Rotational slip
• Mud flow
• Rockslide
• Landslide

Which type of weathering occurs when water freezes and expands in the cracks of rocks?

• Solar weathering

• Chemical weathering

• Biological weathering

• Freeze-thaw weathering