Unit 8 Exam Review 2024-25

The Enlightenment philosophers inspired later political revolutions because of their support for —

• mercantilism

• natural rights

• imperialist policies

• divine right of kings

A major contributing factor to the start of an independence movement in the American colonies was —

• the failure of the colonists to follow the British laws

• a disagreement over the use of enslaved labor in the colonies

• a worsening famine brought about by poor harvests in the colonies

• the lack of representation of the colonists in the British parliament

What is one way that France and the American colonies differed at the onset of their revolutions?

• The French were more nationalistic than the American colonists.

• Americans were committed to nonviolent ways of fighting for change.

• American colonists had already outlawed the practice of enslaving people.

• France suffered more severe economic problems than the American colonists.

The American revolutionaries fought to gain independence from a colonial power, while the French revolutionaries revolted in order to —

• spread Enlightenment ideas to all of Europe

• protect the absolutist divine right of the king

• replace the existing political and social order

• create a French empire extending across Europe

Following the defeat of Napoleon, European powers came together at the Congress of Vienna in order to —

• restore a balance of power in Europe

• return the French monarch to the throne

• support the creation of a united German territory

• establish democratic governments throughout Europe

How did the defeat of Spain and Portugal during the Napoleonic Wars help to bring about political changes in Latin America?

• It made Napoleon the ruler of Latin America.

• It provided Latin Americans the opportunity to rebel.

• It allowed the British to establish colonies in Latin America.

• It meant that French laws were applied to the Latin American colonies.

The European response to the rise and fall of Napoleon’s empire helped to spread the idea of —

• nationalism

• human rights

• freedom of the press

• constitutional government

Which of the following best describes how the boundaries established by the Congress of Vienna affected events in European history?

• The new boundaries served to lessen the power of the Russian Empire.

• The new boundaries created a buffer zone between Russia and Eastern Europe.

• The new boundaries were a step towards the creation of a unified German territory.

• The new boundaries ensured that France kept control of the land conquered by Napoleon.

How was Simón Bolívar influenced by the American and French Revolutions?

• He wrote a Declaration of Rights for Latin American countries ruled by France.

• He observed the American Revolution's successes and brought democracy to Cuba.

• He adopted Enlightenment ideals and began revolutions against Spanish authority.

• He fought in the French Revolution and returned to Mexico to lead a revolution himself.

How did the ideas of Enlightenment philosophers, such as the separation of powers, influence the political revolutions of the eighteenth century?

• The ideas became the focus of debates between monarchs and parliaments.

• The ideas were used to create a series of slogans and mottos to rally the troops.

• The ideas were used by monarchs to argue against the changes made by revolutionary leaders.

• The ideas became incorporated into constitutional documents produced during the revolutions.