Review

Above is a famous painting depicting the concept of Manifest Destiny in the United States in the 19th century. All of the figures are moving to the LEFT in the painting because -

• There is no meaning; it’s just how the artist painted the picture.

• “Manifest Destiny” referred to free Black individuals moving from the South to the North, and the north is usually on the left side of a map.

• “Manifest Destiny” was the philosophy behind Westward Expansion, and west is usually on the left side of a map.

• American politics were moving to the left at this time.

Which of the following is true of Manifest Destiny in the 1800s?

• It was based on pervasive belief in white supremacy and European-American cultural superiority.

• Native Americans were perceived as inferior and the westward movement of Americans into traditionally indigenous lands was considered an absolute right of white people.

• Many of the first westward settlers were Christian missionaries to the Indigenous Tribes

• All of the above statements are true of Manifest Destiny.

What was one major reason that the Republic of Texas declared independence in 1836?

• Disagreement with Mexico over the legality of slavery.

• Tension with the United States government over federal taxes; “taxation without representation.”

• The American army’s loss to the Spanish at the Battle of the Alamo.

• Nullification.

The Missouri Compromise was necessary because—

• Maine wanted to be admitted into the Union as a slave state, but the other New England States were free states.

• The balance of power between the North and the South was threatened in the Senate.

• Missouri followed Kansas and South Carolina in the nullification process.

• The elections of 1824 and 1828 were deemed “unfair,” and the new compromise made electoral votes more equitable.

Who were the “Forty-Niners?”

• Southern veterans of the Mexican-American War of 1849.

• Texas veterans of the Battle of the Alamo.

• Gold prospectors in California.

• U.S. senators who voted to legalize slavery in all territories west of the Mississippi.

What can best be inferred about California in the above article from 1848?

• California was rich in natural resources like gold.

• The discovery of gold in California was a good excuse to go to war with Mexico over the region.

• Indigenous groups in California should be removed to provide white settlers access to the resources.

• America should not bring California into the Union until it can prove its value.

Antonio López de Santa Anna was:

• a Mexican politician and general who greatly influenced early Mexican politics and government

• a famous Spanish explorer who discovered the New World

• an Italian artist known for his Renaissance paintings

• a French philosopher known for his existentialist ideas

Which of the following was NOT an outcome of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?

• Mexico officially became independent from Spain, but gave up all land rights in southern Florida and the Caribbean.

• Mexico agreed to accept the Rio Grande River as the southern border of Texas.

• Mexico recognized that Texas was part of the United States.

• Mexico gave up an area of land stretching from Texas to the Pacific Ocean.

California became a state in 1850. What problem did this cause?

• It entered the Union as a free state, upsetting the slave state/free state balance in Congress.

• All gold found in Gold Rush areas was now considered taxable by the U.S. government.

• Indigenous people in California revolted because they did not want to suffer persecution.

• Mexico still claimed California as its own territory, which led to the Mexican-American War.

13. Why did American crop prices fall in the mid-19th century?

• a. The demand for food crops diminished following the Mexican-American War because the U.S. government was no longer buying up large quantities to feed government troops.

• b. New technologies and the use of more productive farming techniques meant that each farmer was producing much larger quantities of crops, leading to surplus crops and low prices.

• c. Americans began to demand specialty crops and food products from South America, such as sugar cane, chocolate, and coffee. Interest in American crops dropped, leading to lower profits for American farmers.

• All of the other choices.