Week 10 Recitation

1. In Keil’s (1989) transformation experiment, what was the key difference between young children and older individuals’ tendency to categorize biological kinds after change?

• A. Youngest children behaved as similarity-based classifiers, while older children and adults behaved as essentialists.

• B. Younger children were more likely to behave as essentialists compared to older children.

• C. Older children and adults were more likely to behave as similarity-based classifiers.

• D. Both younger and older children were resistant to perceiving changes in categorization for biological kinds.

2. Which of the following scenarios describes diagnostic reasoning?

• A. A teacher reviews a student's assignment and grades it according to a standard rubric.

• B. A mechanic inspects a car, considers various possible causes for a strange noise, and tests the engine to find the source of the problem.

• C. A chef follows a recipe step by step to prepare a dish.

• D. A student memorizes facts for an upcoming exam without considering how they relate to each other.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ETS1-3

3. Which of the following assumptions of biological essentialisms are not directly incorporated in the prototype/exemplar models?

• A. Sharp category boundaries

• B. Specific etiology

• C. Strong inductive potentials

• D. All of above

4. Keil (1989) and Taylor, Rhodes, & Gelman (2009) tested for the development of essentialist beliefs in biological and social kinds. What are the trajectories they discovered?

• A. As people age, they become more essentialists in biological kinds and less in social kinds

• B. As people age, they become less essentialists in biological kinds and more in social kinds

• C. As people age, they become more essentialists in both biological and social kinds

• D. As people age, they become less essentialists in both biological and social kinds

5. Which of the following best describes the concept of lexical priming in cognitive processing?

• A. The process by which individuals consciously choose words based on their grammatical knowledge.

• B. The phenomenon where prior exposure to a word influences the speed and ease of recognizing related words.

• C. A linguistic technique used to improve vocabulary through repetition.

• D. The ability to recall words more effectively when they are presented in a list format.

6. In a connectionist model of semantic memory, concepts are represented through patterns of activation across networks of interconnected units. Suppose a trained model is tested with the concepts apple, banana, and sparrow. Based on typical category-based representations, what pattern of activation is most likely to occur?

• A. The activation pattern would be about the same for apple and banana, but very different for sparrow.

• B. The activation pattern would be about the same for apple and sparrow, but very different for banana.

• C. The activation pattern would be about the same for banana and sparrow, but very different for apple.

• D. The activation pattern would be about the same for all three concepts.