CH5-1 TEST

What is the main purpose of using mathematical models in chemistry?

• To describe the position of electrons
• To create physical models of atoms
• To simplify complex chemical reactions

What limitation did Rutherford's atomic model have?

• It could explain all chemical properties
• It could not explain the emission of light from heated elements
• It accurately described electron paths

How did Bohr improve upon Rutherford's model?

• By introducing electron orbits
• By using physical models
• By eliminating energy levels

What does the term 'quantum' refer to in atomic theory?

• The total number of electrons
• The fixed energy required to move an electron
• The mass of an atom

In the quantum mechanical model, what does the 'fuzzy cloud' represent?

• The nucleus of the atom
• The probability of finding an electron
• The energy levels of electrons

What is an atomic orbital?

• A fixed path for electrons
• A region of space where an electron is likely to be found
• The nucleus of an atom

How are principal quantum numbers (n) related to energy levels?

• They determine the shape of the atom
• They indicate the number of protons
• They label the energy levels of electrons

What shape do s orbitals have?

• Dumbbell-shaped
• Spherical
• Cylindrical

What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy a principal energy level?

• 2n
• n²
• n

What does the quantum mechanical model not specify about electrons?

• Their energy levels
• Their exact paths around the nucleus
• Their shapes