Unit 10 Test Review

Which statement best reflects the ideas of the Enlightenment?

• All human beings are born free and equal with a right to life and liberty. It is the duty of the government to protect these natural rights of its citizens.

• Our goal will not be achieved by democracy or liberal reforms, but by blood and iron. No nation achieves greatness or unity without the traumatic experiences of war.

• Good government stresses the importance of the nation and accepts the rights of the individual only if the interests of the individual are the same as the nation.

• The person of the king is sacred and to attack him in any way is to attack religion itself. The respect given to a king is religious in nature.

The greatest influence on Enlightenment ideas came from the

• Justinian Code

• writings of Petrarch

• writings of John Locke

• philosophy of Machiavelli

Writers of the Enlightenment were primarily interested in:

• supporting the divine right theory

• debating the role of the church in society

• promoting increased power for European monarchs

• changing the relationship between people and their government

This image best represents the ideas of

• Rousseau

• Descartes

• Montesquieu

• Wollstonecraft

Which of the following influenced the Enlightenment ideas on natural law and reason?

• Pax Romana

• Middle Ages

• Age of Exploration

• Scientific Revolution

"I may not agree with a word you say but will fight till death for your right to say it."

Which of the following philosophers is quoted above?

• Voltaire

• John Locke

• Baron de Montesquieu

• Thomas Hobbes

"People are greedy, selfish, and will lie and cheat by human nature. Because of this, people must enter into a social contract, giving up rights to the government (absolute monarch) to provide stability and order.” Which of the following philosophers’ views is most closely reflected in the above quotation?

• John Locke

• Thomas Hobbes

• Mary Wolstonecraft

• Voltaire

Which quote would have been said by an absolute monarch?

• "It is the parliament that must make the laws"

• "The government must be based on a sound constitution."

• "People in a state of nature are solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short."

• "The rights and prohibitions of the nation are joined with my body and reside in my hands alone. Public order in its entirety comes from me."

All of the following are characteristics of an absolute monarchy EXCEPT:

• monarchs have total control

• king’s share power with Parliament

• centralization of power

• rule by divine right

Peter the Great and Catherine the Great changed Russia by

• introducing western ideas and customs

• abolishing all social class distinctions

• becoming constitutional monarchs

• preventing wars with neighboring nations