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How does memoization improve performance?

• It replaces loops with recursion

• It increases memory usage

• It deletes unnecessary variables

• It stores the results of expensive function calls and returns the cached result when the same inputs occur again

What is a linked list?

• A function that stores variables

• A data structure where elements are connected via pointers and each node points to the next

• A static array

• A method for sorting numbers

What is a priority queue?

• A queue where elements are dequeued based on priority rather than order of insertion

• A queue that removes elements in LIFO order

• A queue that only stores numbers

• A function for iterating lists

What is the difference between an array and a linked list?

• Arrays store elements in reverse order

• Arrays have fixed sizes and contiguous memory, while linked lists use dynamic memory and nodes that point to each other

• Linked lists can only store integers

• Arrays and linked lists are identical

What is overfitting in machine learning?

• A situation where a model learns training data too well, capturing noise and failing to generalize to new data

• A method for training neural networks

• A technique for reducing memory usage

• A function that always returns the same result

What is a neural network?

• A programming language

• A database system

• A computational model inspired by biological neurons, consisting of interconnected layers that process data

• A sorting algorithm

How does backpropagation work in deep learning?

• It removes irrelevant training data

• It randomly assigns values to neurons

• It adjusts model weights by calculating gradients using the chain rule and propagating errors backward

• It prevents the model from updating weights

What is hashing?

• A process that transforms data into a fixed-length string, typically used for integrity verification

• A method for sorting data

• A function that removes duplicate elements

• A loop that runs indefinitely

How does asymmetric encryption work?

• It uses a pair of keys, a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption

• It encrypts data with one key

• It stores passwords in plain text

• It prevents data loss

What is a SQL injection attack?

• An attack where malicious SQL code is inserted into a query to manipulate a database

• A way to optimize database queries

• A technique for faster indexing

• A method for securing APIs