AICE chapter 1 review - T/F

According to the Kinetic Particle Theory, liquid water has more energy than water vapor.

• True

• False

Answer explanation

According to the Kinetic Particle Theory, water vapor has more energy than liquid water due to the increased movement of particles in the gaseous state. Therefore, the statement is false.

The nucleus is composed of positive protons, while orbiting around that in shells are negative electrons and neutral neutrons.

• True

• False

Answer explanation

The statement is false because neutrons are not orbiting the nucleus; they are found within it alongside protons. Electrons orbit the nucleus in shells, but neutrons do not have a charge and are not in shells.

Seawater has an average salinity of 35 ppt, and contains salts such as MgSO4 and CaCO3, which are examples of compounds

• True

• False

Answer explanation

The statement is true because MgSO4 and CaCO3 are indeed compounds found in seawater, which has an average salinity of 35 ppt. Thus, the correct answer is True.

The molecule at the left is covalently bonded together, and is a common marine salt.

• True
• False

Answer explanation

It is ionically bonded together!

CO2 is an example of covalently bonded molecule, and its equation is written out as O=C=O.

• True

• False

Answer explanation

True. CO2, or carbon dioxide, is indeed a covalently bonded molecule, represented as O=C=O, where carbon shares electrons with two oxygen atoms.

In an ionic bond, the atom or molecule that gains an electron has an overall “+” charge, & the atom or molecule that loses has an overall “-” charge.

• True

• False

Answer explanation

In an ionic bond, the atom that gains an electron becomes negatively charged (anion), while the atom that loses an electron becomes positively charged (cation). Therefore, the statement is false.

Sodium chloride is written as NaCl, while calcium carbonate CaCO3 and both of these are ionically bonded together

• True

• False

Answer explanation

The statement is false because sodium chloride (NaCl) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) are not ionically bonded together; they are separate ionic compounds. Each compound consists of its own ions.

Water is able to make hydrogen bonds because of unequal sharing of electrons, caused by the 2 to 1 ratio of water to hydrogen atoms

• True

• False

Answer explanation

The statement is false because water's ability to form hydrogen bonds is due to the polar nature of the molecule, not the 2 to 1 ratio of water to hydrogen atoms. The unequal sharing of electrons occurs between oxygen and hydrogen within water.

Only polar molecules can make hydrogen bonds, and this includes water and molecules water can dissolve, such as sodium chloride.

• True

• False

Answer explanation

The statement is false because while polar molecules can form hydrogen bonds, not only polar molecules can participate in hydrogen bonding. Non-polar molecules do not form hydrogen bonds, but they can still dissolve in water through other interactions.

Hydrogen bonds form between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms of two water molecules, are very easily broken, and give water high heat capacity.

• True

• False

Answer explanation

True. Hydrogen bonds between water molecules are indeed easily broken, which contributes to water's high heat capacity, allowing it to absorb and retain heat effectively.