APAH Later Europe Review

In this painting, A Philosopher Lecturing at the Orrery, Joseph Wright of Derby continues which artistic style? 

• sfumato

• tenebrism

• chiarasucro

• fresco

Answer explanation

Artist uses tenebrism to make a connection between science and religious paintings of the Baroque period

The patron commissioned this painting because he wanted people to feel

• motivation for France to colonize other countries

• a sense of loyalty towards the French monarchy

• motivated to overthrow the French monarchy

• a criticism of the Catholic Church and corrupt spending

Answer explanation

Subject matter includes Ancient Roman story about three brothers willing to sacrifice for the good of the state - swearing an oath of allegiance and exemplum virtuous

Artists of the Romantic period created work intended to

• use mythological stories from the Classical past to support government leaders

• use contemporary figures to teach a moral lesson between good and evil

• celebrate the lives of the aristocracy

• illicit an intense emotional response from the audience

Answer explanation

Romantic artists rejected ideas of the Neoclassical period. Trust your heart not logic. Explored exotic imagery, fantasy, nightmares, landscapes, real events and abandoned Christian imagery and Greco-Roman Classicism

Attribution practice

• Fragonard

• Joseph Wright of Derby

• Hogarth

• JMW Turner

Answer explanation

Rococo style attributions - playful subject matter, dappled sunlight, pastel colors, untamed garden

Attribution practice

• JMW Tuner

• Fragonard

• Joseph Wright of Derby

• David

Answer explanation

Neoclassical characteristics: tenebrism, heroic subject matter, geometric stabilizing elements (groupings), accurate proportion, arches

This artwork by JMW Turner exposes the reality of what?

• brutal restrictions on romantic artists at the time

• natural and destructive power of the ocean

• colors of an ocean sunset in the midst of a storm

• the horrors of the transatlantic slave trade

Answer explanation

Colors, movement, and texture all contribute to the mood of the artwork. Bodies are shown in the water with chains, being eaten by fish.

The artist of this artwork is associated with what art-historical movement?

• Barbizon School

• Hudson River School

• Ash Can School

• Pre-Raphealite Brotherhood

Answer explanation

Hudson River School artists wanted to celebrate what made the US unique by painting the landscape.

This artwork focused on

• Negative effects of sugar cane production

• Mexican pride and nationalism

• Relocation of native Americans to reservations

• Manifest Destiny and westward expansion

Answer explanation

The landscape includes remnants of the Aztec city of Tenochtitlan alongside modern industry - like the train.

With the design of Monticello, Thomas Jefferson intended to

• use English architectural elements as a gesture of good will with English leaders

• encourage travel and good relations between Americans and Europeans

• create a museum-like residence that would mimic homes seen in Europe

• communicate democratic ideals of the country with the Classical past

Answer explanation

Jefferson purposefully integrates Classic elements (columns, dome, pediment) to reference democratic ideas of Ancient Greece

 The statue of George Washington by Houdon contains a symbolic reference to Cincinnatus, who was

• 1. A Roman senator who revolutionized medicine

• 1. A Roman ruler who gave up power and returned to farming

• 1. The first emperor of Rome

• 1. An American general from the American Revolution

Answer explanation

George Washington rejected the heroic statues used by European rulers - like kings and Napoleon. The artist chose to be shown as a normal citizen, which shows a break from European Neoclassicism and helps to establish American identity.