Trends in Ionization Energy

What is ionization energy?

• Ionization energy is the energy needed to remove an electron from an atom or ion.

• The energy required to add an electron to an atom.

• The energy released when an electron is removed from an atom.

• The energy needed to split an atom into smaller parts.

How does ionization energy change across a period?

• Ionization energy increases across a period.

• Ionization energy remains constant across a period.

• Ionization energy fluctuates randomly across a period.

• Ionization energy decreases across a period.

What trend in ionization energy is observed down a group?

• Ionization energy fluctuates randomly down a group.

• Ionization energy remains constant down a group.

• Ionization energy increases down a group.

• Ionization energy decreases down a group.

Which element has the highest ionization energy in period 2?

• Fluorine

• Lithium

• Neon

• Beryllium

Explain why noble gases have high ionization energies.

• Noble gases have high ionization energies due to their high reactivity with other elements.

• Noble gases have high ionization energies due to their stable electron configuration and high effective nuclear charge.

• Noble gases have high ionization energies because they readily lose electrons.

• Noble gases have low ionization energies due to their large atomic size.

What is the general trend of ionization energy in relation to atomic radius?

• Ionization energy increases as atomic radius increases.

• Ionization energy decreases as atomic radius decreases.

• Ionization energy decreases as atomic radius increases.

• Ionization energy remains constant regardless of atomic radius.

How does effective nuclear charge affect ionization energy?

• Effective nuclear charge has no effect on ionization energy.

• Effective nuclear charge increases ionization energy.

• Effective nuclear charge only affects electron affinity.

• Effective nuclear charge decreases ionization energy.

Which group of elements typically has the lowest ionization energies?

• Halogens

• Noble gases

• Alkali metals

• Transition metals

What is the difference between first and second ionization energy?

• First ionization energy is always higher than second ionization energy.

• First ionization energy is the energy required to add an electron.

• First ionization energy is for removing the first electron; second ionization energy is for removing the second electron.

• Second ionization energy refers to the removal of the first electron.

How does electron shielding influence ionization energy?

• Electron shielding decreases ionization energy by reducing the effective nuclear charge on outer electrons.

• Electron shielding increases ionization energy by attracting outer electrons more strongly.

• Electron shielding only affects the ionization energy of inner electrons.

• Electron shielding has no effect on ionization energy whatsoever.