Sociology Class Differences in Education AO3 Evaluation Quiz

Which AO3 evaluation best counters this AO1 point? Teachers may label working-class pupils as less able or disruptive based on stereotypes (Becker's ‘ideal pupil’ concept).

• Some argue that setting reflects actual performance

• Labelling doesn’t consider external factors like material deprivation

• Fuller’s study shows some students reject labels

• Schools support all pupils equally

AO1: Once negatively labelled, students may internalise expectations and perform poorly (Rosenthal and Jacobson).

• Some students succeed despite negative labels (Fuller)

• League tables encourage fairness

• Material deprivation has a stronger effect

• Subcultures are always anti-school

AO1: Working-class pupils are disproportionately placed in lower streams (Keddie).

• Labelling is the main influence

• Hidden curriculum doesn't affect grades

• Setting may reflect actual performance, not just class

• Triage helps working-class pupils

AO1: Negative labels may lead to anti-school subcultures (Lacey).

• All subcultures are anti-school

• Mac an Ghaill found some working-class students form pro-school subcultures

• Subcultures are irrelevant

• Streaming is fair

AO1: Middle-class values dominate the hidden curriculum.

• Teachers do not control the curriculum

• Many working-class pupils still succeed despite this

• Students ignore values

• Schools offer vocational routes

AO1: Middle-class pupils are often seen as more cooperative and motivated.

• Marketisation challenges these stereotypes

• Streaming balances things out

• Some teachers work hard to support all pupils

• Ideal pupil image benefits working class

AO1: Schools may focus on borderline pupils to boost results (Gillborn & Youdell).

• This benefits low achievers

• This always supports equality

• Triage is based on predicted grades, not class

• Pupils are randomly selected

AO1: Middle-class pupils are more likely to match the 'ideal pupil' image.

• Some schools now promote diversity and break stereotypes

• Ideal pupils are working class

• Hidden curriculum balances it

• Streaming eliminates bias

AO1: Schools may exclude working-class pupils to protect league tables.

• League tables encourage inclusion

• League tables reduce inequality

• Marketisation often promotes support for all pupils

• League tables have no effect

AO1: Institutional biases often affect working-class pupils (Gillborn).

• Triage eliminates inequality

• Some argue external material factors (e.g., housing, food) have a stronger influence

• All schools are equal

• Streaming fixes this