Spring CA 2025 Review

What type of wave is a sound wave?

• Transverse

• Longitudinal

• Electromagnetic

• Standing

Answer explanation

A sound wave is a longitudinal wave because it travels through a medium by compressing and rarefying the particles in the direction of the wave's propagation, unlike transverse waves which move perpendicular to the direction of travel.

"Ensuring availability of water for future generations" is a

• Goal of water conservation

• Strategy of water conservation

• Key activity of water conservation

Answer explanation

"Ensuring availability of water for future generations" is a goal of water conservation, as it reflects the long-term vision to maintain water resources sustainably for future use.

A wave in which the particles of the medium vibrate parallel (side to side) to the direction of the wave motion.

• mechanical wave

• surface wave

• longitudinal wave

• water wave

Answer explanation

A longitudinal wave is characterized by particles of the medium vibrating parallel to the direction of wave motion, which matches the description given in the question. Therefore, the correct answer is 'longitudinal wave'.

What is runoff?

• Water that soaks into the grass

• Rain water that collects on hard surfaces and doesn't soak into the ground

• Water that comes from the toilet or kitchen sink

Answer explanation

Runoff refers to rainwater that collects on hard surfaces, like roads and pavements, and does not soak into the ground. This is why the correct answer is 'Rain water that collects on hard surfaces and doesn't soak into the ground'.

Which energy transformation happens in a circuit with a battery and fan?

• Chemical to Mechanical

• Thermal to Electrical

• Nuclear to Light

• Sound to Kinetic

Answer explanation

In a circuit with a battery and fan, the battery converts chemical energy (from the battery's stored chemicals) into mechanical energy, which powers the fan's movement. Thus, the correct transformation is Chemical to Mechanical.

Which of the following is NOT a type of rock?

• Igneous

• Metamorphic

• Sedimentary

• Crystalline

Answer explanation

Crystalline is not a type of rock; it refers to a structure or texture found in some minerals. The three main types of rocks are igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary.

Wade is writing a report on alternative fuels such as biodiesel. Biodiesel can be used as fuel in cars and trucks to conserve nonrenewable energy resources such as fossil fuels. He learns that many crop plants, such as soybeans, corn, and cotton, can be used to make biodiesel. Wade explains that this makes biodiesel the ideal fuel because you can make more just by growing more plants. Which of the following options explains one challenge to Wade's position? Growing more plants for biodiesel fuel _______________________

• means that the crops for biodiesel need to be transported longer distances.

• takes land, soil, and water resources that could be used for growing food.

• will make us less dependent on oil resources.

• will only supply enough biodiesel for the months after harvest time.

Answer explanation

takes land, soil, and water resources that could be used for growing food. This highlights a significant challenge to biodiesel production, as prioritizing fuel crops may compromise food supply and agricultural sustainability.

What is one way to reduce air pollution?

• Using more fossil fuels

• Carpooling

• Burning more wood

• Cutting down trees

Answer explanation

Carpooling reduces the number of vehicles on the road, which decreases emissions and helps lower air pollution. In contrast, using more fossil fuels, burning wood, and cutting down trees would increase pollution.

What type of wave is sound?

• Happy

• Sound

• Electromagnetic

• Longitudinal

Answer explanation

Sound is a longitudinal wave, meaning it travels through a medium by compressing and rarefying the particles in the direction of the wave. This distinguishes it from electromagnetic waves, which do not require a medium.

What type of energy is stored in a stretched rubber band?

• Kinetic

• Thermal

• Potential

• Sound

Answer explanation

The energy stored in a stretched rubber band is potential energy. This is because the rubber band has the ability to do work when released, as it can return to its original shape, converting potential energy into kinetic energy.