Physical Science Final Exam

How did ancient Greeks, particularly Aristotle, provide evidence supporting the idea that the Earth is a sphere?

• By measuring the Earth's circumference using advanced instruments.

• By observing the round shadow cast by the Earth on the Moon during lunar eclipses.

• Through circumnavigations of the known world by Greek explorers.

• By discovering the Earth's axial tilt through careful astronomical observations.

Why did Eratosthenes' observation of noontime shadows in Syene and Alexandria provide evidence for the spherical shape of the Earth?

• It demonstrated the Earth's axial tilt.

• It illustrated the effect of magnetic forces on shadows.

• It revealed the existence of different time zones.

• It indicated variations in the angle of sunlight due to the Earth's curved surface.

Based on Aristarchus' heliocentric model, what can be inferred about the ancient Greek understanding of the Earth's shape?

• The Earth is a flat, disc-shaped object.

• The Earth is a perfect sphere.

• The Earth is at the center of the universe

• The Earth is a spherical body orbiting the Sun.

Which astronomical phenomenon, observable without telescopic aid, involves a periodic alignment of the Earth, Moon, and Sun, leading to variations in the brightness and shapes of the Moon?

• Solar eclipse.

• Comet appearance.

• Lunar eclipse.

• Phases of the Moon.

Who provided the most convincing observational evidence that the Earth is round during ancient times?

• Pythagoras

• Eratosthenes

• Newton

• Galileo

How did Aristotle use observations of ships to support the idea of a spherical Earth?

• He noticed ships disappear bottom-first over the horizon.

• He saw ships floating above the water.

• He saw that ships never disappeared at all.

• He observed that ships shrink in size as they move away.

Why do different stars appear in the night sky depending on location?

• The Earth is rotating on its axis.

• The Earth is flat.

• The Sun moves around the Earth.

• The stars move closer to Earth.

What evidence from a lunar eclipse supports the idea that the Earth is round?

• The Moon changes colors.

• The Earth's shadow on the Moon is always round.

• The Moon disappears completely.

• The Moon moves away from the Earth.

He included the following in his argument supporting a spherical earth:

-Position of the Polaris (NORTH STAR)

-the shape of the moon and sun

-ship are disappearing over the horizon

• PYTHAGORAS

• ANAXAGORAS

• ARISTOTLE

• ERATOSTHENES

What is the name of the Ancient Greek who theorized the two-domain system - celestial and terrestrial?

• Aristotle

• Plato

• Erathosthenes

• Pythagoras