ENGLISH

Which ancient civilizations left evidence of anatomical knowledge and early surgical techniques?

• Greek and Roman

• Egyptian and Indian

• • Chinese and Persian

• Mayan and Aztec

Which Renaissance figure revolutionized the study of human anatomy with detailed illustrations?

• Ambroise Paré

• Andreas Vesalius

• Joseph Lister

• William T.G. Morton

What discovery in the 19th century allowed surgeries to be performed painlessly?

• Asepsis

• Anesthesia

• Robotic surgery

• Laparoscopy

Who is recognized for his work in antisepsis based on Louis Pasteur's germ theory?

• Joseph Lister

• William T.G. Morton

• • Crawford W. Long

• Ambroise Paré

What is one of the main advantages of minimally invasive surgery?

• Exclusive use of manual techniques

• Longer surgical procedures

• Increased need for blood transfusions

• Reduced surgical trauma and faster recovery

Which emerging technology is expected to enable remote surgery?

• Augmented reality

• Telesurgery

• Nanotechnology

• Electro-stimulation

Which of the following textbooks is considered a fundamental reference in surgery?

• Gray’s Anatomy

• Principles of Neuroscience

• The Origin of Species

• "Sabiston Textbook of Surgery"

What was the main obstacle to surgery in the Middle Ages?

• Lack of anatomical and physiological knowledge

• Excessive use of anesthesia

• Strict medical regulations

• Lack of surgical instruments

Which advancement allowed for surgical specialization in the 20th century?

• Development of new religions

• Restriction of access to medical education

• Advances in diagnostic imaging and postoperative care

• Disappearance of infectious diseases

What is expected to be integrated into future surgery for greater precision?

• Artificial intelligence and augmented reality

• Elimination of robots

• Reduction in surgeon training

• Exclusive use of traditional methods