Protein Synthesis Concepts

The video tutorial explains the process of translation in protein synthesis, detailing how ribosomes read mRNA to signal tRNA to bring amino acids, forming a protein chain. It covers the role of DNA and genes in protein creation, reviews transcription, and explains the genetic code and codons. The tutorial provides a step-by-step overview of translation, emphasizing codon-anticodon matching, and concludes with practice problems to reinforce learning.

What is the primary function of a ribosome during translation?

• To synthesize proteins

• To break down RNA

• To replicate DNA

• To transport amino acids

Which of the following best describes a gene?

• A cellular organelle

• A type of RNA molecule

• A small piece of DNA that codes for a protein

• A large protein molecule

Where does transcription occur within a cell?

• In the nucleus

• In the ribosome

• In the cytoplasm

• In the mitochondria

What is the role of messenger RNA in protein synthesis?

• To replicate DNA

• To catalyze the formation of peptide bonds

• To transport amino acids to the ribosome

• To carry genetic information from DNA to the ribosome

What is a codon?

• A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA

• A type of protein

• A cellular organelle

• A segment of DNA

Which codon signals the start of translation?

• UAG

• AUG

• UAA

• UGA

What ensures the correct amino acid is added during translation?

• The anticodon on tRNA

• The length of the protein

• The ribosome's shape

• The size of the mRNA

What happens when a stop codon is reached during translation?

• The ribosome starts a new protein

• The ribosome releases the completed protein

• The ribosome breaks down the mRNA

• The ribosome continues to add amino acids

Which of the following is NOT a stop codon?

• UAG

• AUG

• UGA

• UAA

What is the function of the anticodon in tRNA?

• To replicate DNA

• To bind to the ribosome

• To match with the mRNA codon

• To synthesize proteins