Which of these describes what will be seen when looking at the stars from Earth?

C. Capella appears brighter than Spica but dimmer than Sirius when viewed from Earth.

A. Capella appears brighter than Sirius but dimmer than Polaris when viewed from Earth.

B. Spica appears dimmer than Polaris but brighter than Capella when viewed from Earth.

D. Polaris appears brighter than Spica but dimmer than Capella when viewed from Earth.

Gravity is responsible for the motion of Earth, the moon, and the sun. Which three statements correctly describe how gravity is affected by mass and distance? M. The gravity between Earth and the moon would be stronger if the moon were closer to Earth. P. The gravity between the sun and Earth would be weaker if Earth were closer to the sun. R. The gravity between Earth and the moon would be stronger if the moon had more mass. S. The gravity on the surface of the moon would be weaker if the moon stayed the same size but had more mass. T. The gravity on the surface of Earth would be stronger if the distance to the center of Earth were smaller but had the same mass.

M. The gravity between Earth and the moon would be stronger if the moon were closer to Earth.

R. The gravity between Earth and the moon would be stronger if the moon had more mass.

T. The gravity on the surface of Earth would be stronger if the distance to the center of Earth were smaller but had the same mass.

P. The gravity between the sun and Earth would be weaker if Earth were closer to the sun.

S. The gravity on the surface of the moon would be weaker if the moon stayed the same size but had more mass.

Parts of Earth receive different amounts of daylight during the year. The diagram shows Earth in different positions in its revolution around the sun. The changes in the number of daylight hours on Earth are caused by:

the distance of Earth from the sun.

the movement of the sun around Earth.

Because Organism T was found in rock layers 4 and 5, what conclusion can be made?

Layer 1 is the oldest of the rock strata in the diagram.

Layer 3 was formed less than 250 million years ago.

The formation of layer 5 occurred less than 250 million years ago.

Organism T existed on Earth for only a few years.

Which mixture went through changes that produced new substances?

Mixture 2, because bubbles formed

Mixture 1, because it formed only a liquid

Mixture 1, because it had no color

Mixture 2, because no solid formed

What is the current environment where the clam fossil was found?

In a rock cliff at the edge of a forest

What is one difference between the clam fossil and the living clam in terms of body parts?

Living clam has foot that digs into ocean floor

Both have muscle that opens and closes shell

Clam fossil has other body parts preserved

Both have two shells joined together at one end

Based on the information in Table 1 (Part 1) and Table 2 (Part 2), which statement describes the most likely environment in western Tennessee at the time that the fossilized clam was alive?

The environment was covered in water, because modern day clams live in water?

The environment had many trees, because modern day clams live in trees.

The environment had many grasses, because modern day clams live in fields.

The environment was covered in rock, because modern day clams live in caves.

A student claims that the fossil clam is closely related to the living clam. Using the information in Table 1 (Part 1), which two statements support the student’s claim?

The claim is supported because the clam fossil has the same shape as the living clam.

The claim is supported because the fossil clam also had a foot.

The claim is supported because the clam fossil was found in a place that is far from the ocean.

The claim is supported because only the shell of the clam fossil is preserved.

The claim is supported because the clam fossil has two shells.

Which claim about how a physical characteristic would give one type of clams an advantage over another type of clams is best supported by the information in Table 2 (Part 2)?

A. A clam with a thin shell would have an advantage in warm water, compared to a clam with many ridges on its shell.

B. A clam with a thick shell would have an advantage in warm water, compared to a clam with many ridges on its shell.

C. A clam with small ridges on its shell would have an advantage in muddy places, compared to a clam with a thin shell.

D. A clam with big ridges on its shell would have an advantage in sandy places, compared to a clam with small ridges on its shell.

One student finds a second clam fossil and notices that this fossil has a much thicker shell than the first fossil. This student claims that having a thicker shell would allow this clam to better survive over a clam with a thinner shell. Using the information in Table 2 (Part 2) which statement best supports this student’s claim?

Having a thicker shell would have helped protect the clam from being eaten.

Having a thicker shell would have allowed the clam to dig into the ocean floor.

Having a thicker shell would have allowed the clam to live in warm water.

Having a thicker shell would have helped the clam to get food.

Based on the passage 'Astronaut Training – Part 1', how do astronauts train for spaceflight?

By practicing in a swimming pool to simulate weightlessness

By flying jets to experience high-speed maneuvers

By undergoing physical fitness training

In the passage 'Astronaut Training – Part 1', at what point do astronauts start to feel weightless during the airplane flight?

When the airplane reaches a certain altitude

The drop tower works by:

employing hydraulic systems to simulate free fall

using a counterweight system to lift and drop the cabin

utilizing magnetic forces to control the descent

relying on air pressure to create a vacuum effect

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