Physiology Exam W25

Which of the following statements  is true?

• Solutes tend to flow from areas of low concentration to high concentration

• Positively charged ions are attracted to other positively charged ions

• Water tends to flow from areas of high solute concentration to low solute concentration

• A larger concentration gradient leads to more flow

Which of the following gradients contribute to the membrane potential?

• Concentration

• Osmotic

• Electrical

• All the above

Which capillaries create a barrier between the blood and the extracellular fluid so that most solutes must be transported across the membranes via transport proteins?

• Glomerular capillaries

• Skeletal muscle capillaries

• Brain capillaries

• Alveolar capillaries

Sensory receptors are a component of which nervous system?

• Afferent

• Efferent

• Somatic

• Parasympathetic

Which of the following are a feature of heart muscles but NOT skeletal muscles?

• Tight junctions between muscle fibres

• Each cardiac muscle fibre is innervated by a different motor neuron

• They can create their own action potentials

• All the above

A heart has experienced  a heart attack in the left atria, meaning that some of the atrial muscle fibres have died and will no longer conduct action potentials. What is the likely impact on the ECG trace?

• Smaller P wave

• Longer P-R interval

• Smaller R wave

• Longer S-T segment

Jared is biking on a stationary bicycle and his heart rate is 150 beats/min and his stroke volume is 300 ml/beat. What  is his cardiac output?

• 45000 ml/min

• 2 ml/min

• 300 mL/min

• 0.5 mL/min

Which of the following  situations would increase preload?

• Removal of valves from veins

• Losing blood volume

• Increased venous return

• All the above

Tash has a Systolic blood  pressure of 120 mmHg and a diastolic blood pressure of 90 mmHg. What is her mean arterial pressure?

• 90 mmHg

• 100 mmHg

• 110 mmHg

• 120 mmHg

A person has a total lung capacity of 4 Litres, and a vital capacity of 3 Litres. What is their residual volume?

• 1 L

• 3 L

• 7 L

• 12 L