PIJS test prep 2025

The below-named judicial officer may issue a valid search warrant: A) state attorney general. B) federal attorney general. C) a neutral and detached magistrate. D) a state senator.

• state attorney general

• federal attorney general

• a neutral and detached magistrate

• a state senator

The plain view doctrine is a judicially established exception to the Fourth Amendment.

• TRUE

• FALSE

A plea that has been agreed upon by the defendant and the state; a plea bargain.

• Negotiated plea

• Settlement

• Defrayal

• Resolution

In the Williams case, the U.S. Supreme Court held that imprisoning one who was indigent and unable to pay the fine beyond the maximum amount of imprisonment prescribed by law was in violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the:

• Fifth Amendment

• Eighth Amendment

• Fourteenth Amendment

• Twenty First Amendment

When does a detention start?

• The moment that handcuffs are applied

• The moment that the officer directs the vehicle or individual to stop

• The moment that the officer instructs the citizen on the detention

• The moment which a citizen is put into the back of a police car

In many jurisdictions the initial and first appearance before a judge where the state reads the official charges, called an information or indictment, against the defendant is referred to as the:

• arrest.

• arraignment.

• booking.

• indictment.

In which case did the U.S. Supreme Court hold that the defendant has the right to counsel during the course of any police interrogation?

• Douglas v. California

• Escobedo v. Illinois

• Powell v. Alabama

• Faretta v. California

In order to justify a police stop, a police officer must have "a reasonable suspicion" of some wrongdoing. In determining reasonableness, an officer must:

• develop probable cause.

• develop preponderance of the evidence.

• be able to point to specific and articulable facts.

• All of the above.

The Faretta case authorized a trial judge to appoint standby counsel in which of the following situations?

• Only with consent of the defendant

• Even over the objection of the defendant

• Only in capital cases

• Only in felony cases and with the approval of defendant

The Constitution’s ban on cruel and unusual punishment bars the execution of mentally retarded people as noted in this U.S. Supreme Court case:

• Furman v. Georgia

• Atkins v. Virginia

• Gregg v. Georgia

• Texas v. Johnson