Reviewer For Science 7 Exam

Earth scientists use the angle of the fault with respect to the surface (known as the dip) and the direction of slip along the fault to classify faults. Which of the following fault types is characterized by a fault plane that is nearly vertical?

• Normal fault

• Reverse fault

• Strike-slip fault

• Thrust fault

Faults which move along the direction of the dip plane are dip-slip faults and described as either normal or reverse (thrust), depending on their motion. Which of the following fault type will typically result in the hanging wall moving up and over the footwall?

• Normal fault

• Reverse fault

• Strike-slip fault

• Oblique-slip fault

The movement releases stored-up 'elastic strain' energy in the form of seismic waves, which propagate through the Earth and cause the ground surface to shake. Which of the following model best illustrates how stress builds up along a fault and is then released during an earthquake?

• A slowly filling bathtub

• A river carving a canyon

• A car driving over a bumpy road

• A rubber band being stretched and snapped

Stress builds up, and when it becomes too much, the plates suddenly slip past one another, and the rocky, brittle lithosphere cracks. In a diagram of a fault below, which of the following feature typically represents the location where the earthquake's rupture initially begins?

• The epicenter

• The fault plane

• The hanging wall

• The focus (hypocenter)

Earthquake environmental effects are the effects caused by an earthquake, including surface faulting, tsunamis, soil liquefactions, ground resonance, landslides and ground failure, either directly linked to the earthquake source or provoked by the ground shaking. Which of the following is the primary characteristic used to measure the size of an earthquake?

• Depth

• Duration

• Intensity

• Magnitude

The severity of ground shaking increases as magnitude increases and decreases as distance from the causative fault increases. How does magnitude of an earthquake generally measure?

• By observing the damage caused in the affected areas.

• By measuring the shaking intensity at different locations.

• By measuring the height of the tsunami waves generated.

• By recording the amplitude of seismic waves on seismographs.

There is a service institute mandated to mitigate disasters that may arise from volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunami and other related geotectonic phenomena. Which of the following organization is a reliable source for information about Philippine fault systems?

• NASA

• PHIVOLCS

• The Red Cross

• Local television news

Using the PHIVOLCS Fault Finder, a student discovers that a major fault line runs close to their community. Which of the following is the most likely implication of this discovery for their community?

• The community will immediately be evacuated.

• The community is not at risk from earthquakes.

• The community will experience no significant aftershocks.

• The community has a higher likelihood of experiencing earthquakes.

The earthquakes originate in tectonic plate boundary. Which of the following is the point within the Earth where an earthquake rupture begins?

• Epicenter

• Focus

• Fault line

• Hypocenter

There are two ways by which we can measure the strength of an earthquake: magnitude and intensity Which of the following reason why magnitude is more useful measure for characterizing an earthquake globally compared to intensity?

• Magnitude is affected by the local soil conditions, while intensity is not.

• Magnitude Calculations used more sophisticated and consistent techniques.

• Intensity is dependent on the location of the observer, whereas magnitude is not.

• Magnitude Is a direct measure of energy released, while intensity is a relative measure of shaking.