Acidity and Conjugate Base Stability

The video tutorial explains how to rank carboxylic acids by their acidity. It emphasizes that acid strength is linked to the stability of the conjugate base, which can be stabilized by resonance and induction. Induction is influenced by the presence of electronegative atoms, their proximity to the deprotonation site, and their quantity. The tutorial ranks different carboxylic acids based on these principles, highlighting the role of chlorine and fluorine atoms in stabilizing the conjugate base through induction.

What is the relationship between acid strength and the stability of its conjugate base?

• Acid strength is inversely proportional to conjugate base stability.

• Acid strength is only affected by the presence of hydrogen ions.

• Acid strength is directly proportional to conjugate base stability.

• Acid strength is unrelated to conjugate base stability.

How does resonance stabilize a conjugate base?

• By delocalizing the negative charge through pi bonds.

• By increasing the number of hydrogen bonds.

• By increasing the molecular weight of the compound.

• By forming covalent bonds with water molecules.

What is the role of electronegative atoms in induction?

• They form hydrogen bonds with the conjugate base.

• They pull electron density towards themselves, stabilizing the negative charge.

• They increase the molecular weight of the compound.

• They decrease the acidity of the compound.

Which factor does NOT increase the stabilizing effect of induction?

• The number of electronegative atoms present.

• The molecular weight of the compound.

• The proximity of the electronegative atom to the deprotonation site.

• The electronegativity of the atom.

How does the proximity of an electronegative atom to the deprotonation site affect acidity?

• Proximity only affects the molecular weight.

• Proximity has no effect on acidity.

• Closer proximity increases acidity.

• Closer proximity decreases acidity.

Why is a fluorine atom more effective than a chlorine atom in stabilizing a conjugate base?

• Fluorine forms more covalent bonds than chlorine.

• Fluorine has a larger atomic radius than chlorine.

• Fluorine is more electronegative than chlorine.

• Fluorine is less electronegative than chlorine.

Which of the following is the least acidic according to the video?

• A carboxylic acid with no electronegative atoms.

• A carboxylic acid with a chlorine atom two positions away.

• A carboxylic acid with a fluorine atom one position away.

• A carboxylic acid with two fluorine atoms.

What happens to the acidity when a chlorine atom is replaced by a fluorine atom?

• The acidity increases.

• The acidity remains the same.

• The acidity becomes unpredictable.

• The acidity decreases.

What is the effect of having two fluorine atoms on the acidity of a carboxylic acid?

• It decreases the acidity.

• It increases the acidity.

• It has no effect on the acidity.

• It makes the acidity unpredictable.

Which of the following orders of acidity is correct based on the video?

• One chlorine atom < no induction < two fluorine atoms < one fluorine atom

• One fluorine atom < two fluorine atoms < no induction < one chlorine atom

• Two fluorine atoms < one fluorine atom < one chlorine atom < no induction

• No induction < one chlorine atom < one fluorine atom < two fluorine atoms