Forgetting - Retrieval Failure

What is the Encoding Specificity Principle?

• Cues are most effective when present at both coding and retrieval.

• Cues are only effective when present at retrieval.

• Cues are most effective when present at coding only.

• Cues are not effective at all.

Which study is associated with context-dependent forgetting?

• Godden and Baddeley

• Carter and Cassaday

• Eysenck and Keane

• Tulving

What does state-dependent forgetting suggest?

• Recall is better when internal states match.

• Recall is better when external contexts match.

• Recall is better when cues are absent.

• Recall is better when no states match.

Which researchers are associated with state-dependent forgetting?

• Carter and Cassaday

• Godden and Baddeley

• Eysenck and Keane

• Tulving

What is a real-world application of retrieval failure?

• Cues are weak but worth attention for improving recall.

• Cues are strong and always improve recall.

• Cues are irrelevant to recall.

• Cues are only useful in laboratory settings.

What does research support suggest about retrieval failure?

• It is a main reason for forgetting.

• It is not a reason for forgetting.

• It is only a minor reason for forgetting.

• It is irrelevant to forgetting.

What is the counterpoint to the research support for retrieval failure?

• No forgetting unless contexts are very different.

• Forgetting occurs regardless of context.

• Forgetting is not influenced by context.

• Forgetting is always influenced by context.

What is the issue with recall versus recognition in retrieval failure?

• No context effects when memory assessed using recognition test.

• Context effects are stronger in recognition tests.

• Context effects are irrelevant in recognition tests.

• Context effects are always present in recognition tests.

What is a problem with the Encoding Specificity Principle (ESP)?

• No independent measure of cue encoding.

• Cues are always effective.

• Cues are never effective.

• Cues are irrelevant to encoding.

Who provided research support for retrieval failure as a main reason for forgetting?

• Eysenck and Keane

• Godden and Baddeley

• Carter and Cassaday

• Tulving