DNA Structure and Replication

What is the role of DNA polymerase I in DNA replication?

• DNA polymerase I synthesizes new DNA strands.

• DNA polymerase I removes RNA primers and fills in the gaps with DNA nucleotides.

• DNA polymerase I unwinds the DNA double helix.

• DNA polymerase I repairs damaged DNA strands.

What occurs during the initiation step of DNA replication?

• The DNA strand is unzipped by DNA Helicase.

• DNA polymerase synthesizes the new DNA strand.

• The DNA strands are completely separated by ligase.

• Nucleases degrade the RNA primers.

What is the function of single-strand binding proteins in DNA replication?

• They stabilize the unwound DNA strands, preventing them from re-annealing.

• They initiate the replication process by unwinding the DNA helix.

• They provide the energy required for DNA synthesis.

• They repair any errors in the DNA sequence during replication.

Which type of bond joins nitrogenous bases in DNA?

• Ionic bonds

• Covalent bonds

• Hydrogen bonds

• Metallic bonds

What is the significance of complementary base pairing in DNA?

• It ensures accurate replication and transcription of genetic information.

• It allows for the formation of hydrogen bonds between nucleotides.

• It prevents mutations from occurring during DNA synthesis.

• It facilitates the binding of RNA polymerase to DNA.

What are the three components of a nucleotide?

• A phosphate group, a sugar (deoxyribose), and a nitrogenous base.

• A phosphate group, a sugar (ribose), and an amino acid.

• A nitrogenous base, a sugar (deoxyribose), and a fatty acid.

• A phosphate group, a sugar (glucose), and a nitrogenous base.

What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?

• Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G)

• Adenine (A), Uracil (U), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G)

• Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), Uracil (U)

• Cytosine (C), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), Uracil (U)

What is the role of primase in DNA replication?

• Primase synthesizes short RNA primers needed to start the replication process.

• Primase unwinds the DNA double helix.

• Primase repairs damaged DNA strands.

• Primase adds nucleotides to the growing DNA strand.

What is the role of RNA primers in DNA replication?

• RNA primers provide a starting point for DNA polymerase to begin synthesis.

• RNA primers are responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix.

• RNA primers act as a template for DNA ligase to join Okazaki fragments.

• RNA primers are involved in the proofreading of newly synthesized DNA.

What is the shape of DNA?

• Single helix

• Double helix (twisted ladder)

• Circular

• Linear