Computer and Network Security Terms

Ransomware

• A type of malware that holds victims’ computer files hostage by locking access to them or encrypting them. It then demands a ransom if the victim wants his or her files back.

• A software that enhances computer performance by optimizing system resources.

• A type of virus that spreads through email attachments and corrupts files.

• A security tool that protects against unauthorized access to computer systems.

Phishing

• Attempting to trick people into revealing sensitive information, such as passwords and credit card numbers, often by using emails or fake websites that look like they are from trusted organizations.

• A method of securing online transactions through encryption and authentication.

• A type of malware that infects computers and steals personal data.

• A legitimate marketing strategy used by companies to gather customer information.

Software

• Consists of code written in a programming language that instructs computers to perform specific tasks.

• Is a physical component of a computer that performs calculations.

• Refers to the hardware components that support software applications.

• Is a type of data storage used for saving files and applications.

Hacktivist

• A person who uses technology to promote social change.

• Someone who uses computers and computer networks to disrupt services or share secret information in an effort to draw attention to political or social issues.

• An individual who hacks into systems for personal gain.

• A cybersecurity expert who protects against cyber threats.

Internet service provider (ISP)

• A company or organization that gives users and devices access to the Internet.

• A type of software used to browse the web.

• A hardware device that connects computers to a network.

• A service that provides cloud storage solutions.

Spam

• Unsolicited emails sent to many addresses. The purpose of most spam is to make money through advertising or identity theft.

• A type of email that is always welcome and requested by the recipient.

• Emails that contain only personal messages from friends and family.

• A form of communication that is used exclusively for business purposes.

Server

• A computer or computer program that provides specific services on a network, such as an email server that directs emails and a web server that serves up web pages.

• A device that stores data and allows users to access it remotely.

• A type of software that protects a computer from viruses and malware.

• A hardware component that connects different devices in a network.

Botnet

• A single computer that performs tasks independently.

• Multiple computers on a network that are infected with a program that can be controlled remotely.

• A type of malware that only affects mobile devices.

• A network of computers that are used for legal purposes.

USB drive

• A data storage device that is used to store, back up, and transfer computer files.

• A type of software used for data recovery.

• A hardware component that enhances computer graphics.

• A network device that connects multiple computers.

Firewall

• Software designed to block malware from entering protected networks.

• A type of hardware used to enhance internet speed.

• A program that encrypts data for secure transmission.

• A tool for monitoring network traffic without restrictions.