Civics Review Reporting Category 1

Which Enlightenment thinker argued that government must protect natural rights, including life, liberty, and property?

• Thomas Hobbes

• John Locke

• Voltaire

• Rousseau

What was Baron de Montesquieu’s main contribution to political philosophy?

• The idea of absolute monarchy

• The concept of separation of powers

• The notion of divine right

• The promotion of mercantilism

What principle does the “rule of law” establish in a democratic society?

• Laws must benefit the wealthy

• Only elected officials must follow the law

• Everyone, including leaders, is subject to the law

• The judiciary holds supreme power

What document limited the power of the English monarch for the first time in 1215?

• The English Bill of Rights

• The Magna Carta

• The Mayflower Compact

• The Petition of Right

The Mayflower Compact is best described as:

• A social contract

• A trade agreement

• A military alliance

• A religious doctrine

What was the Mayflower Compact?

• A treaty with Native American tribes

• A plan for economic development

• An agreement to form a self-governing community

• A letter requesting aid from England

What was the central message of Thomas Paine’s Common Sense?

• Advocating a monarchy led by George Washington

• Arguing against the Bill of Rights

• Promoting reconciliation with Britain

• Encouraging independence from Britain

According to John Locke, what should citizens do if a government fails to protect their natural rights?

• Petition the monarch

• Emigrate to another country

• Abolish or alter the government

• Pay higher taxes

Which grievance from the Declaration of Independence reflects the colonists’ frustration with rule of law violations?

• He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies without the Consent of our legislatures.

• He has refused to assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good.

• For imposing Taxes on us without our Consent.

• All of the above

What is one way the Magna Carta influenced the U.S. Constitution?

• It inspired the establishment of a monarchy

• It guaranteed the right to bear arms

• It laid groundwork for due process and limited government