Immunology Quiz

Which of the following best defines an antigen (Ag)?

• A low molecular weight molecule that cannot induce immune response by itself

• A substance that induces a specific immune response and binds to immune products

• A molecule that only activates T cells but not B cells

• A molecule that acts as a carrier for haptens only

Which of the following statements about haptens is TRUE?

• Haptens are complete antigens and can induce an immune response on their own

• Haptens must bind to DNA to become immunogenic

• Haptens require a carrier molecule to become immunogenic

• Haptens are high molecular weight and chemically complex

Which of the following is considered a hapten in clinical medicine?

• Hemoglobin

• Penicillin

• Insulin

• Tubulin

The part of the antigen that is specifically recognized by the immune system is known as:

• Immunogen

• Adjuvant

• Epitope

• Hapten

Which statement accurately differentiates affinity and avidity?

• Affinity is the overall strength of binding, while avidity is single interaction strength

• Affinity applies only to B cells, avidity to T cells

• Affinity is the strength of a single interaction; avidity is the sum of all interactions

• Affinity is relevant only for multivalent antigens

Which of the following factors does NOT enhance immunogenicity?

• Chemical complexity

• Large molecular size

• Self-origin of the antigen

• Presence of adjuvants

Which of the following is TRUE about T cell-independent antigens?

• They require antigen presentation via MHC molecules

• They need B and T cell cooperation

• They can stimulate antibody production without T cell help

• They are usually proteins with complex structures

Which route of antigen administration generally elicits the strongest immune response?

• Intravenous

• Subcutaneous

• Oral

• Intramuscular