OS Assignment-2

What is virtual memory and how does it work?

• Virtual memory is a hardware component that stores data permanently.

• Virtual memory is a type of physical memory found in computers.

• Virtual memory is a memory management technique that uses disk space to extend RAM, allowing for larger applications to run by swapping data between RAM and disk storage.

• Virtual memory increases the speed of the CPU by using more RAM.

Explain the concept of paging in memory management.

• Paging involves dividing physical memory into variable-sized segments.

• Paging allows for the allocation of memory only in contiguous blocks.

• Paging is a technique that eliminates the need for virtual memory altogether.

• Paging is a memory management technique that divides virtual memory into fixed-size pages and physical memory into frames, allowing non-contiguous allocation.

What are the main differences between paging and segmentation?

• Paging divides memory into variable-sized blocks, while segmentation uses fixed-size pages.

• Segmentation is faster than paging because it requires less memory management.

• Paging allows for direct access to physical memory, while segmentation requires a mapping table.

• Paging uses fixed-size pages and abstracts memory, while segmentation uses variable-sized segments based on logical divisions.

Describe the structure of a file system.

• A file system is organized by file types rather than directories.

• A file system is structured as a hierarchy of directories and files, starting from a root directory.

• A file system is a flat structure with no directories.

• A file system consists only of files without any hierarchy.

What are the different file access methods?

• Batch access

• Sequential access, direct access, random access

• Buffered access

• Stream access

How does contiguous memory allocation work?

• It requires the use of virtual memory.

• Contiguous memory allocation allocates a single continuous block of memory for a program's use.

• It allocates memory in non-contiguous blocks.

• It allows multiple programs to share the same memory block.

What is the purpose of a page table in virtual memory?

• To manage user permissions in the operating system.

• To increase the speed of the CPU.

• To map virtual addresses to physical addresses in virtual memory.

• To store data temporarily during processing.

Explain the concept of segmentation faults.

• A segmentation fault is a successful memory access.

• Segmentation faults occur only in hardware failures.

• A segmentation fault is an error caused by accessing invalid memory.

• A segmentation fault is a type of virus.

What are the advantages of using a hierarchical file system?

• Faster data retrieval speeds

• Advantages of using a hierarchical file system include improved organization, easier navigation, better data management, reduced clutter, and enhanced security.

• Increased file size limits

• Simplified backup processes

What is the role of a frame in the paging process?

• A frame is a logical division of memory that does not correspond to physical memory.

• A frame is a type of virtual memory that allows for faster access.

• A frame is a variable-sized segment of memory that can change size.

• A frame is a fixed-size block of physical memory used to store pages.