SP 25 Evolution Exam Review

How does survival of the fittest describe natural selection?

• Natural selection is solely based on random chance without any advantages.
• Survival of the fittest implies that all organisms have equal chances of survival.
• Survival of the fittest means only the strongest survive regardless of traits.
• Advantageous traits increase an organism's chances of survival and reproduction.

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How does variation affect natural selection?

• Variation has no impact on natural selection.
• Natural selection occurs only in the absence of variation.
• Variation leads to uniformity in species.
• Allows for differential survival and reproduction based on advantageous traits.

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Match the vocabulary word with the correct definition.

• The process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms.

• Natural Selection

• The process by which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.

• Evolution

• The transfer of genetic material between populations.

• Gene Flow

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How do mutations, adaptations, and natural selection affect each other / what order do they occur?

• Natural selection occurs first, followed by mutations and adaptations.
• Adaptations happen before mutations, and then natural selection follows.
• Mutations and adaptations occur simultaneously, with natural selection acting last.
• Mutations occur first, followed by adaptations, and then natural selection acts on these adaptations.

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How does natural selection affect the frequency of an allele in a population?

• Natural selection randomly changes allele frequencies.
• Natural selection only affects dominant alleles in a population.
• Natural selection increases the frequency of advantageous alleles and decreases the frequency of disadvantageous alleles in a population.
• Natural selection has no effect on allele frequency.

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The frequency of the dark butterflies ​ (a)   due to pollution in the area building up on trees. This coloring caused the moths to be ​ (b)   suited for survival. The light colored butterflies ​ (c)   .

• increased
• better
• decreased

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The environmental change caused the ​ (a)   coloring to be most advantageous. This means the trait was selected ​ (b)   , because we ​ (c)   the offspring to also have it so they can survive.

• grey
• for
• want
• against
• ignore
• after
• dislike
• green
• reject

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Match the following selection curve to the description

• both extremes selected for

• 
• one extreme is selected for

• 
• the average trait is selected for

• 

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How can a population of pests become resistant to a pesticide?

• Pests can become resistant by consuming more pesticide.
• Resistance occurs when pests are exposed to sunlight.
• Pests become resistant by migrating to different areas.
• Through natural selection, where resistant individuals survive and reproduce.

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Why do you have to get the flu vaccine every year?

• The virus mutates and the vaccine is updated to match the circulating strains.

• You should get the flu vaccine only if you feel sick.
• The flu vaccine is effective for multiple years without updates.
• The flu vaccine is only needed once in a lifetime.