Biology Chapter 12

What are the three components of a nucleotide?

• Phosphate group, 5-carbon sugar, nitrogenous base

• Phosphate group, 6-carbon sugar, nitrogenous base

• Phosphate group, 5-carbon sugar, amino acid

• Phosphate group, 4-carbon sugar, nitrogenous base

Which base pairs with adenine in DNA?

• Cytosine

• Guanine

• Thymine

• Uracil

Who demonstrated that a transforming substance could convert non-virulent R bacteria into virulent S bacteria?

• Avery

• Griffith

• Hershey and Chase

• Watson and Crick

What did Franklin's X-ray diffraction provide evidence for?

• DNA replication process

• Double helix structure of DNA

• Base pairing rules

• Enzyme function in DNA replication

Which enzyme unwinds the DNA double helix during replication?

• DNA polymerase

• RNA primase

• DNA helicase

• DNA ligase

What is the role of histones in DNA compaction?

• They form ribosomes.

• They wrap around nucleosomes.

• They wrap DNA to form nucleosomes.

• They convert DNA into RNA.

Which type of mutation involves a change in a single base pair in the DNA sequence?

• Missense Mutation

• Point Mutation

• Nonsense Mutation

• Insertion/Deletion Mutation

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

What is the function of operons in gene regulation?

• They are involved in DNA replication.

• They contain genes for proteins needed for specific metabolic pathways.

• They synthesize proteins directly.

• They convert RNA into DNA.

What does the central dogma of molecular biology state?

• RNA is transcribed into DNA, which is then translated into proteins.

• DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into proteins.

• Proteins are transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into DNA.

• DNA is translated into RNA, which is then transcribed into proteins.

What is the process of synthesizing mRNA from a DNA template called?

• Translation

• Replication

• Transcription

• Mutation