A&P Urinary System Quizs

Nephrons

• Functional unit of the kidneys.

• Main site of urine storage.

• Primary site of blood filtration.

• Regulates blood pressure.

Kidney stones (renal calculi)

• A type of soft tissue found in the kidneys.

• Four types of hard deposits made of various minerals and salts that form inside the kidneys.

• A common type of infection in the urinary tract.

• A genetic disorder affecting kidney function.

Reabsorption

• Cells of the renal tubule secrete waste products into the filtrate.

• Cells of the renal tubule reabsorb useful dissolved solutes in filtrate and return them to the blood; involve active and passive processes.

• Cells of the renal tubule filter blood to form urine.

• Cells of the renal tubule regulate blood pressure by adjusting the volume of urine produced.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD)

• A condition characterized by gradual loss of kidney function over time.

• A sudden increase in kidney function.

• A temporary condition that resolves on its own.

• A condition that only affects older adults.

Urinary bladder

• Stores urine.

• Filters blood.

• Produces hormones.

• Absorbs nutrients.

Urinary tract infections (UTI)

• Infections caused by viruses that affect the bladder and kidneys.

• Common infections that happen when bacteria enters the urethra and infects the urinary tract.

• Infections that occur only in men due to prostate issues.

• Infections that are always asymptomatic and do not require treatment.

Ureters

• Transport urine from the kidneys into the urinary bladder.

• Filter blood to produce urine.

• Store urine until it is excreted.

• Regulate blood pressure and volume.

Juxtamedullary nephrons

• 15% of nephrons; contain a longer loop of Henle involved in concentrating urea by regulating the amount of water reabsorption.

• 80% of nephrons; primarily involved in filtration and not in water reabsorption.

• 50% of nephrons; have a shorter loop of Henle and are less efficient in concentrating urine.

• 20% of nephrons; mainly responsible for electrolyte balance and not water reabsorption.

Cortical nephrons

• Contain a long loop of Henle that extends deep into the renal medulla.

• 85% of nephrons; contain a short loop of Henle, which only extends into the outer region of the renal medulla to perform excretory and regulatory functions of the kidney.

• Are primarily responsible for the concentration of urine.

• Make up the majority of nephrons but have no role in kidney function.

Filtration

• Active process where blood is pumped into the kidneys.

• Passive process where glomerular capillaries filter blood plasma across capillary walls into the Bowman’s capsule.

• Process that involves the reabsorption of nutrients from urine.

• Mechanism that requires energy to move substances against their concentration gradient.