Personality 13.8-13.9

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the Mischel's concept of situationism

• Marcus is known by friends as outgoing and confident. He volunteers to lead every group project and enjoys public speaking. Even when attending a formal job interview, he easily charms the panel and jokes comfortably.

• Kendra is usually honest and rule-abiding. However, when she realizes that no one is watching and she’s late to class, she decides to park in the faculty lot—something she usually criticizes others for doing.

• Ravi consistently wakes up early and follows a strict workout routine, even when on vacation. His friends describe him as highly disciplined and motivated, and he rarely deviates from his schedule.

• Alina is known for her artistic, spontaneous personality. She travels often, collects random hobbies, and has always rejected structured environments. She recently quit her job in finance to become a travel blogger.

Which scenario is an example of situationism affecting behavior?

• Lucas is a calm and patient person, but he becomes irritable and short-tempered when stuck in traffic.

• Olivia is a talented musician who practices her instrument daily, regardless of her mood or schedule.

• Michael is a detail-oriented person who meticulously plans every aspect of his life, including vacations.

• Isabella is a social butterfly who enjoys meeting new people and attending parties regularly.

Identify the situation that best reflects the principle of situationism in behavior.

• James is an introvert who prefers quiet evenings at home, but he becomes outgoing and lively at family gatherings.

• Henry is a fitness enthusiast who never misses a workout, even when he is feeling under the weather.

• Grace is usually very organized, but her desk becomes messy when she is working on a creative project.

• Chloe is a natural problem-solver who enjoys tackling complex challenges in her work environment.

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates high self-monitoring?

• Sophie expresses her opinions about politics, fashion, and music the same way whether she’s with her parents, friends, or coworkers. She prides herself on being consistent and “true to herself” no matter the setting.

• Eli is normally quiet and reserved, but when he’s coaching his youth basketball team, he becomes energetic, loud, and motivational to get the kids pumped.

• Layla changes the way she speaks and behaves depending on who she's around. She uses formal language and polite manners at her internship, switches to slang and sarcasm with her friends, and even modifies her opinions slightly to keep the peace in new groups.

• Tariq avoids public speaking at all costs. Even if he’s knowledgeable about the topic, he feels too anxious to speak up in front of others.

Match the following:

Groups:

(a) High Self-Monitoring

,

(b) Low Self-Monitoring

• • Shows low behavioral consistency across contexts

  • Shows low behavioral consistency across contexts

• Prioritizes internal values over social expectations

• Adjusts behavior to fit the social situation

• Expresses thoughts and emotions similarly across settings

• Seeks social approval and cues from others

The Cognitive-Affective Processing System (CAPS) theory proposes that:

• Personality is not a fixed set of traits but a system of dynamic patterns of cognition and emotion activated by specific situations.

• Personality traits remain stable across all contexts and situations.

• Emotional responses are secondary to behavior and play a minimal role in shaping personality.

• Behavior can be predicted primarily by analyzing the situational context, regardless of the individual’s internal processes.

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of person–situation correlation ?

• Sam frequently volunteers for planning tasks in clubs and group projects, and over time, becomes known for being organized and dependable.

• Jada speaks differently to her teachers than to her friends, showing that she is flexible across social contexts.

• 
  Theo tends to be outspoken in class but keeps to himself at parties. Others often comment on how stark the difference in his behavior can be

• Marisol often shows irritation during traffic jams, even though she’s usually calm elsewhere, suggesting a personality that’s generally even-tempered but situationally reactive.

Organize these options into the right categories

Groups:

(a) Strong

,

(b) Weak

• Restaurant

• Going through security in an airport

• Job interview

• Yellow traffic light

• Party

• Chatting with a friend in a coffee shop

• Red traffic light

• Funeral

Indicate which of the following are weak situations or settings (check all that apply):

• a park

• an elevator

• bars

• a religious service

Consistency in personality is lowest during ​ (a)   and highest after the age of ​ (b)   .

• childhood
• 50
• adolescence
• 30
• 20
• young adulthood