"Cracking Code Purple" and "Who is Katherine Johnson"

What is the main idea of the informational text, "Cracking Code Purple?"

• The Japanese developed an unbreakable code during World War II.

• Genevieve Grotjan's discovery helped the U.S. decode Japanese messages and contributed to the war effort.

• The Signal Intelligence Service was unsuccessful in breaking World War II codes.

• Cryptanalysis required advanced computers to decode messages.

How does the description of the decoding process contribute to the text?

• It explains why crytanalysis required military training.

• It suggests that the decoding process was simple with the right tools.

• It highlights the role of mathematicians in the U.S. Army.

• It shows the complexity and difficulty of breaking the Purple code.

In the sentence, "Magic contributed enormously to the defeat of the enemy," what does the word enormously most likely mean? 

• in a small amount

• in a magical way

• to a great extent

• in a surprising way

Which statement best summarizes the main idea of the informational text, "Who is Katherine Johnson?"

• Katherine Johnson's mathematical skills helped NASA achieve major milestones in space exploration, despite the challenges she faced.

• Katherine Johnson worked at NASA for many years, mainly calculating flight paths for rockets.

• Katherine Johnson's main contribution was teaching math to students after her retirement.

• Katherine Johnson struggled to find a job due to the limited opportunities for women in science and mathematics.

How does the section "What Was Katherine Johnson's Early Life Like?" contribute to the overall understanding of Johnson's career?

• It highlights her determination and early passion for mathematics, which laid the foundation for her later success.

• It explains the challenges she faced at NASA as a female mathematician.

• It describes her experiences working with Dr. Claytor in college.

• It emphasizes the importance of education in the early 20th century.

In the sentence, "Johnson's calculations were instrumental in NASA's success," what does the word "instrumental" most likely mean?

• Not important

• Harmful

• Simple

• Extremely helpful