2024-2025 Midterm Review

什么是人工智能（AI）？What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)?

• 能自己学习并解决问题的程序 A program that can learn and solve problems

• 一种计算器 A type of calculator

• 一种用遥控操作的机器人

  A robot that is controlled with a remote

AI 最常见的生活应用是什么（多选）？Which is a common use of AI in daily life?

• 自动播放你喜欢的音乐 Automatically playing your favorite music

• 电视遥控器 A TV remote

• 智能语音助手 Smart voice assistant

AI 是如何学习的？How does AI learn?

• 通过反复看同一个视频 By watching the same video many times

• 通过分析大量数据并找出规律 By analyzing lots of data and finding patterns

• 通过人类告诉它每一步 By humans giving it step-by-step instructions

哪一项是AI的局限性？Which of the following is a limitation of AI?

• 它能快速处理数据 It can process data very fast

• 它不能像人一样真正理解情感 It cannot truly understand emotions like humans

• 它可以24小时工作 It can work 24 hours

Caesar Cipher 的加密方式是？How does the Caesar Cipher work?

• 把句子倒着写 Write the sentence backward

• 每个字母向后或向前移动固定的位数 Shift each letter by a fixed number in the alphabet

• 用颜色或图形代替字母 Replace letters with colors or shapes

在 Caesar Cipher 中，如果 A → D, B → E，这说明字母被：If A becomes D and B becomes E, then the letters are:

• 移动了3位 Shifted by 3 letters

• 反过来排列 Reversed

• 随机排列 Randomly shuffled

下列哪种方法是破译 Caesar 密码时常用的？Which method is often used to break a Caesar Cipher

• 猜一个单词 Try guessing a whole word

• 逐个测试所有可能的字母移动 Try all possible letter shifts (brute force)

• 删除空格 Remove all spaces

为什么频率分析可以帮助破译加密信息？Why does frequency analysis help with code breaking?

• 因为它可以改变字母顺序

  Because it changes the letter order

• 因为某些字母在英文中使用更频繁

  Because some letters appear more frequently in English

• 因为可以更快地输入代码

  Because it helps type faster

在英文中，最常见的字母是？What is the most commonly used letter in English?

• X

• M

• E

破译信息时，code breaker 应该关注哪些模式？What patterns should a code breaker look for?

• 信息中有多少空格 How many spaces are in the message

• 字母重复出现的频率 Frequency of repeated letters

• 字母是否是大写 Whether the letters are capitalized