BIOSPRINT CHAPTER 5-6

The main organic product formed during photosynthesis, used as an energy source by the plant, is _______.

A student places a plant in a sealed container with CO₂ and water. After several hours under light, tests show that sugar levels in the plant have increased. What is the main product responsible for this?

• Oxygen

• Water

• Glucose

• Carbon dioxide

During aerobic respiration, pyruvate enters the mitochondrion and is converted into acetyl-CoA, releasing CO₂ and NADH.

Where does this reaction occur?

• Cytoplasm

• Matrix of mitochondria

• Inner mitochondrial membrane

• Cristae

Sort the processes based on where they occur in the mitochondrion:

• Glycolysis

• Mitochondrial matrix

• Electron transport chain

• Cytoplasm

• Krebs Cycle

• Mitochondrial matrix

• Pyruvate oxidation

• Inner mitochondrial membrane

Which of the following correctly compares fermentation and aerobic respiration?

• Both processes involve the electron transport chain

•  Fermentation uses NADH to reduce pyruvate, not to fuel the ETC 

• Fermentation produces more ATP than aerobic respiration

• NADH is regenerated into NAD⁺ by donating electrons to oxygen in fermentation

A yeast cell is placed in an anaerobic environment. Glycolysis produces pyruvate and NADH. Without oxygen available, what happens to the NADH?

•  It donates electrons to the ETC in the inner membrane

• It is stored for later use

• It donates electrons to pyruvate to regenerate NAD⁺

• It is broken down into ATP

The products of the Krebs cycle include

• ATP

• NADH

• FADH2

• CO2

Which of the following correctly explains why C₄ plants are more efficient than C₃ plants in hot, dry conditions?

• Rubisco in C₄ plants binds CO₂ more effectively

• PEP carboxylase in C₄ plants has a higher affinity for CO₂ and does not bind O₂ 

• C₄ plants only use light-dependent reactions

• PEP carboxylase fixes O₂ in bundle sheath cells

In hot, dry climates, C₄ plants use _______ instead of rubisco to fix CO₂ in mesophyll cells, minimizing photorespiration.

A poison prevents protons from accumulating in the intermembrane space of mitochondria. What would most likely happen as a result?

• Electrons stop flowing in the ETC

• ATP synthase will stop producing ATP

•  NADH will stop donating electrons

• Oxygen will no longer be needed