G10: History: Cold War Era

Gorbachev has introduced several reforms in Soviet Union during his term. Which of the following contributed the most to the eventual collapse of communism in Eastern Europe?

• His reduction of Soviet military spending

• His refusal to use military force to support communist governments

• His domestic economic reforms in the Soviet Union

• His personal friendship with Western leaders

In 1991, the Warsaw Pact was dissolved. Why is this more important than reorganizing the military?

• It immediately created new military alliances

• It marked the end of Soviet political control in Eastern Europe

• It led to civil wars in all former member states

• It caused an immediate economic boom in Eastern Europe

When the Berlin Wall fell in 1989, what was the most important consequence of it worldwide?

• The immediate dissolution of the Soviet Union

• The reunification of Germany and shift in European power dynamics

• The end of all military alliances in Europe

• The collapse of the United Nations' influence

During his term, Gorbachev introduced the policy of perestroika or economic restructuring. Why did this eventually led to the collapse of Soviet Union?

• Because Western countries refused to trade with the Soviet Union

• Because it immediately transformed the Soviet Union into a capitalist economy

• Because it created expectations for change while failing to deliver immediate improvements

• Because it strengthened central planning and state control of the economy

When the Berlin Wall was built in 1961, Pres. Kennedy responded with "no military intervention." How did this show the limitations of US Cold War policy?

• He immediately ordered the Wall to be torn down by force

• He accepted the Wall's construction while verbally protesting it

• He withdrew all US forces from West Berlin

• He launched a full-scale invasion of East Germany

In the 1980, what contributed to Solidarity's fast growth in membership?

• Direct military support from Western nations

• The Polish government's immediate acceptance of the movement

• The combination of workers' and intellectuals' grievances with Church support

• Soviet leadership openly encouraging Polish reforms

In December 1981, why was martial law imposed in Poland?

• Because Solidarity was planning an armed revolution

• In response to NATO threats against Poland

• Because the Polish economy had completely collapsed

• To prevent potential Soviet military intervention in Poland

What became the main reason for the building of the Berlin Wall in 1961?

• To prevent Western spies from entering East Berlin

• To stop the mass exodus of skilled workers from East to West Berlin

• To protect East Germans from Western military attacks

• To divide Berlin into equal sectors as agreed at Potsdam

When the invasion happened in Czechoslovakia in August 1968, which factor significantly influenced the Czechoslovaks' reaction?

• Dubček's call for violent armed resistance against Soviet forces

• The success of previous anti-Soviet uprisings in Eastern Europe

• Dubček's strategy of non-violent passive resistance to avoid bloodshed

• The immediate support of Western military forces

Why had Soviet leaders been concerned about Dubček's "socialism with a human face" reforms in 1968?

• The reforms would immediately end communist rule in Czechoslovakia

• The reforms would allow Western troops to be stationed in Czechoslovakia

• The reforms could inspire similar liberal movements in other Soviet satellite states

• The reforms would merge Czechoslovakia with West Germany